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DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science > Stress and Coping > Flashcards

Stress and Coping Flashcards

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1
Q

What is stress?

A

It is used to describe how the demands of our lives seem to be becoming too great to deal with

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2
Q

What are the 2 components of stress?

A
  1. Stressor

2. Stress response

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3
Q

What is a stressor?

A

An event which creates demands on a person

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4
Q

What is a stress response?

A

A person’s reaction to a demand

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5
Q

How is a stress response influenced?

A

It is influenced by how a person judges the event and their capacity to react to the event effectively

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6
Q

Name 2 types of stress disorders

A
  1. Trauma and stressor-related disorders

2. Stress and psychophysiological disorders

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7
Q

Name 3 trauma and stressor-related disorders

A
  1. Acute stress disorder

2. PTSD

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8
Q

What is eustress?

A

A positive stressful experience, associated with increased motivation and acceptance of challenge

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9
Q

Describe the General Adaption Syndrome identified by Hans Selye

A
  • There are 3 phases in a stress response
  • Phase 1 is an alarm reaction where the body mobilizes resources and stress resistance drops slightly
  • Phase 2 is resistance to stressor where the body can cope with the stressor and stress resistance increases and plateaus
  • Phase 3 is exhaustion where reserves are depleted and stress resistance drops significantly
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10
Q

Describe the Transactional Model of Stress

A
  • Stressors occur in the environment
  • Each person has a perception filter which selects the stressors relevant
  • Primary appraisal is interpretation of stressors (positive, dangerous, irrelevant)
  • Dangerous stressors come under secondary appraisal (sufficient resources, insufficient resources)
  • Insufficient resources lead to stress
  • Coping is overcoming stress
  • Reappraisal is learning from stress
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11
Q

When is problem-based coping used?

A

Used when a person feels they have control of the situation, thus can manage the source of the problem

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12
Q

Name 4 possible strategies of problem-based coping?

A
  1. Defining the problem
  2. Generating and evaluating alternative solutions
  3. Learning new skills to manage stressor
  4. Reappraising
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13
Q

When is emotional-based coping used?

A

Used when a person feels they have little control in a situation which means they cannot manage the source of the problem

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14
Q

Name 6 strategies used to regulate emotional distress

A
  1. Avoiding
  2. Distancing from the emotion
  3. Acceptance
  4. Seeking emotional support
  5. Selective attention
  6. Venting anger
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15
Q

What are 3 strengths of the transactional model of stress?

A
  1. Focuses on individuality of stress response
  2. Allows for changes to stressors over time
  3. Enhances and emphasises importance of stress-management strategies
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16
Q

What are 2 weaknesses of the transactional model of stress?

A
  1. Highly subjective

2. Debate over whether conscious appraisal is required to experience stress

17
Q

Name 2 major components of the body’s physical response to stress

A
  1. Nervous system

2. Endocrine system

18
Q

Describe the sympathetic response to stress

A
  • Hypothalamus causes increased arousal in sympathetic nervous system (inc. heart rate, inc. respiration, pupil dilatation)
  • Sympathetic activation prepares the body for intense motor activity
19
Q

Describe the parasympathetic response to stress

A
  • Functions under non-stressful conditions to serve regenerative, growth-promoting, energy0conserving functions
20
Q

Describe the 3 components of the endocrine (HPA) axis

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary gland
  3. Adrenal gland
21
Q

Describe the endocrine pathway which triggers stress

A
  • Hypothalamus triggers release of CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
  • Activates pituitary gland which releases hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
  • ACTH carried by the blood to the adrenal gland
  • Adrenal gland releases stress hormones cortisol, adrenalin and noradrenalin
22
Q

What is the biological explanation of stress?

A

Stress is a factor which disrupts homeostasis, inducing a physiologically aroused state

23
Q

What 2 systems are activated during the fight or flight response?

A
  1. Autonomic Nervous System

2. Endocrine System

24
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

An extensive network of nerve fibres connected to the CNS and all other organs of the body

25
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A network of glands throughout the body which release hormones

26
Q

Name 5 physical signs of stress

A
  1. Headaches
  2. Sweating
  3. Tired constantly
  4. Anxious or tense
  5. Irritable
27
Q

Name 3 unhelpful thinking styles during stress

A
  1. Disqualifying the positive
  2. Personalisation (“my fault”)
  3. Emotional reasoning
28
Q

What are 2 personal things which can influence a person’s behaviour in a stressful environment?

A
  1. Thoughts

2. Feelings

29
Q

What are 3 feelings a person may experience during a stressful situation?

A
  1. Worry
  2. Anxiety
  3. Fear
30
Q

What are 3 negative behaviours a person may exhibit as a result of stress?

A
  1. Avoidance of a particular situation
  2. Avoidance of interaction with others
  3. Avoidance of new situations
31
Q

Give 3 reasons why relaxation is important

A
  1. Draws attention away from unhelpful negative thinking
  2. Allows the body and mind to rest
  3. Releases tension and reduces heart rate
32
Q

Name 2 relaxation methods

A
  1. Diaphragmatic Breathing

2. Progressive Muscle Relaxation

33
Q

Name 5 preventative strategies for coping with stress

A
  1. Relaxation techniques
  2. Active problem solving
  3. Rewarding yourself
  4. Diary writing
  5. Positive self-talk

DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science (25 decks)

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