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DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science > Strategies for Health Improvement > Flashcards

Strategies for Health Improvement Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 2 types of strategies for health improvement

A
  1. High risk approach

2. Whole population approach

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2
Q

Describe a high risk approach as a strategy for health improvement

A
  • Identified individuals who have characteristics putting them at high risk
  • Manage risk by individual patient care to achieve risk reduction
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3
Q

Describe a whole population approach as a strategy for health improvement

A
  • Recognises majority, though having lower risk, will account for many new disease incidence
  • Better to reduce risk in everyone by small amount
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4
Q

What are 2 advantages of strategy targeting high risk individuals for prevention?

A
  1. Explanation of risk to patient

2. Tailor individual care to manage risk

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5
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of strategy targeting high risk individuals for prevention?

A
  1. Costly
  2. Specialist care is needed
  3. Continuous
  4. Cannot address underlying causes of risk
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6
Q

Name 3 advantages of strategy targeting whole population for prevention

A
  1. Whole population shift in risk
  2. Lower cost
  3. Addresses determinants of disease at population level
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7
Q

Name a disadvantage of strategy targeting whole population for prevention

A

Widen health inequalities

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8
Q

Describe the advantage of whole population strategies over high risk approaches with regards to a Bell curve

A
  • Bell curve will shift down with whole population approach
  • Change in entire distribution not just top group
  • Shifting whole population benefits more individuals than shifting top group into lower category
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9
Q

How can high risk approaches and whole population strategies be used together?

A

Hybrid approach of high risk and whole population strategies by targeting communities at highest risk

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10
Q

What are 2 advantages of using a hybrid approach to prevention?

A
  1. More effective use of resources

2. Easier to measure effectiveness at community level

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11
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of using a hybrid approach to prevention?

A
  1. Can only apply if you can identify communities at risk

2. Nature of communities change over time with migration and new build

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12
Q

What is proportionate universalism?

A

Intervention targeted in proportion to disease risk and need

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13
Q

Name 4 examples of application of different strategies for prevention

A
  1. Change for Life (England)
  2. Childsmile Scotland
  3. Designed to Smile (Wales)
  4. Clinical care
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14
Q

Describe Change for Life (England) in terms of its strategy for prevention

A

Whole child population strategy to reduce obesity

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15
Q

Describe Childsmile Scotland in terms of its strategy for prevention

A

Multi-level whole population programme to prevent childhood dental caries using a proportionate universalism approach

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16
Q

Describe Designed to Smile: Wales in terms of its strategy for prevention

A

Oral health improvement programme using a high-risk population strategy

17
Q

Describe clinical care in terms of its strategy for prevention

A

High-risk individual approach

18
Q

What is the focus of Change for Life (England)?

A
  • Diet and exercise

- “Fun ideas to keep children healthy)

19
Q

Name 3 examples of sugar swaps from sugary cereals

A
  1. Wheat biscuits
  2. Porridge
  3. No added sugar muesli
20
Q

Name 3 examples of sugar swaps from sugary drinks

A
  1. Water
  2. Lower-fat milks
  3. No added sugar drinks
21
Q

Describe the need for Childsmile Scotland

A
  • Persistently high levels of dental caries in children

- Water fluoridation not a practical option

22
Q

Name 3 components of Childsmile Scotland

A
  1. Childsmile Core (Universal)
  2. Nursery and School / Core + (Areas of high deprivation)
  3. Childsmile Practice
23
Q

Describe Childsmile Core

A
  • All children given free toothbrushes and toothpaste
  • 6 occasions in 5 years
  • Feeding cups
  • 3 and 4 year olds in nursery schools get free daily supervised toothbrushing
24
Q

Describe Childsmile Practice

A
  • Support workers link children in first year of dental life to dental practices
  • Dentists receive fees to fissure seal first permanent molars
25
Q

Describe the trend of caries incidence in Scotland from 2000-2014 following the Childsmile programme

A

The % of 5 year olds with no obvious decay went from around 45% to just under 70%

26
Q

What is the aim of Designed to Smile (Wales)?

A

By 2020, the prevalence of dental decay in 5-year-olds in the most deprived quintile should have fallen to that present in the middle deprived quintile in 2008

27
Q

What can Designed to Smile (Wales) help to inadvertently combat?

A

Health inequalities

28
Q

What does DBOH stand for?

A

Delivering Better Oral Health

29
Q

What is the PHE?

A

Executive agency of the Department of Health

30
Q

PHE leads on initiatives…

A

… “to protect and improve the nation’s health and reduce health inequalities”

31
Q

What does BASCD stand for?

A

British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry

32
Q

What is BASCD?

A

The UK’s professional association for the science, philosophy and practice of promotion oral health in society

33
Q

What is the coral oral health preventive message with regards to sugar-containing foods and drinks

A

Limit to mealtimes and on no more than 4 occasions in a day

34
Q

What is the coral oral health preventive message with regards to toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste

A
  • Brush 2x per day
  • Use small-headed brush
  • Powered toothbrushes with oscillating heads effective
  • Spit out after brushing / Do not rinse
35
Q

What is the coral oral health preventive message with regards to smoking

A

Do not smoke

36
Q

What is the coral oral health preventive message with regards to alcohol

A

Drink in moderation

37
Q

What is the coral oral health preventive message with regards to dental attendance

A
  • Visit regularly

- Recall interval according to need

DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science (25 decks)

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