Key Concepts in Dental Public Health Flashcards
Name 4 components of the public health approach
- Population based
- Identified collective responsibility for health and disease prevention
- Recognising the role of the state
- Emphasizing partnerships with all those who contribute to health of the population
What is dental public health according to Downer et al, 1994?
The science and practice of preventing oral disease, promoting oral health and improving quality of life through the organised efforts of society
What 5 sciences contribute to dental public health according to Ismail, 2008?
- Dental
- Behavioural
- Public
- Educational
- Political
Describe 6 benefits of a population approach to health
- Why oral diseases are more prevalent in specific groups
- Challenges and barriers facing patients
- Role as a professional working with other health and social care professionals
- Factors considered when planning services
- Oral health from a global perspective
- Recognising why preventive advice may not be “heard”
What is treatment of dental diseases for individual patients?
Accurate excision of diseased tissue and its replacement
Describe a restorative cycle?
- Lack of appreciation of how to support patients’ maintaining their oral health
- Disease can re-occur
- Further excision and replacement
Describe 3 features of community and global perspectives of public health
- Working with colleagues in primary health care to support patients
- Supporting oral health promotion within communities
- Appreciating health challenges and impact of health services in other countries
What are 5 examples of activities in individual clinical practice?
- Examination and diagnosis
- Treatment planning
- Informed consent
- Mix of care, cure and prevention
- Evaluation
What are 5 examples of activities in public health practice?
- Assessment of need
- Programme planning
- Ethics, equity and planning approval
- Programme implementation
- Appraisal and review
What are 6 core dental public health topics?
- Epidemiology
- Oral health improvement
- Evidence Based Dentistry
- Health policy
- Health service planning
- Health promotion
Name 4 key components of epidemiology
- Oral health surveillance
- Determinants
- Demography
- Medical statistics
Describe the key component in oral health improvement
Underpinning sciences of sociology and psychology
Describe the key component of evidence based dentistry
Effective methods
Describe the key component of health policy
Plans and actions of government to improve health and provide services
Describe 2 key components of health service planning
- Health service management
2. Health economics
Describe 2 key components of health protection
- Safety and quality
2. Governance
What are 3 ways populations can be grouped for dental public health?
- City or defined geographical area
- Particular group of population defined by a common demographic e.g. children
- Group of people with common social circumstances e.g. homeless
What 2 things does public health approach as applied to dentistry (Chestnutt, 2016) recognise?
- Responsibility for health and prevention of oral disease is shared between professionals and individuals
- Health is linked to life circumstances and lifestyles
Name 3 policies at national, regional and local levels which improve public health (Chestnutt, 2016)
- Public health legislation
- Taxation of unhealthy products
- Health improvement programmes
Name 3 major programmes which bring public health and dental practitioners together to bring care
- Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program in USA
- Childsmile in Scotland
- Integrating school and dental practice programmes in England
Describe the core programme of Childsmile in Scotland
- Every child receives a free toothbrush and toothpaste 6 times from birth to age 5
- Distributed by health visitors
- Supervised toothbrushing programmes
Name 4 components of criteria for a public health probem
- Prevalence
- Impact on individuals
- Impact on wider society
- Prevention and treatment
Describe 3 components which make up the prevalence of a condition in the criteria for a public health problem
- Who has the disease?
- How many people are affected?
- Increasing / decreasing incidents?
Describe 3 components which make up the impact of a condition on an individual in the criteria for a public health problem
- How severe are effects?
- Do people suffer pain and discomfort?
- Ae they prevented from going to school / work?
Describe 2 components which make up the impact of a condition on society in the criteria for a public health problem
- What are costs to health service?
2. Impacts of economic performance?
Describe 3 components which make up the prevention and treatment of a condition in the criteria for a public health problem
- Do we understand causes?
- Can we detect early stages?
- Can we stop progression?
Name 4 potential immediate personal impacts of oral disease
- Lowered self esteem
- Functional limitation
- Pain
- Aesthetics
Name 4 potential public impact of oral diseases
- Poor educational performance
- Increasing health and social inequality
- Cost to the NHS
- Reduced productivity of the workforce
According to Daly et al, 2013, name 3 ways in which epidemiology changes affect the practice of dentistry
- Reduction in caries for the young
- Increasing health inequalities
- Increased restorations in older adults
According to Daly et al, 2013, name 3 ways in which demographic shifts affect the practice of dentistry
- Aging of western populations
- Different family structures
- More mobile populations with increasing diversity
According to Daly et al, 2013, name 3 ways in which social changes affect the practice of dentistry
- How we communicate
- How information is accessed
- Increased public expectations
According to Daly et al, 2013, name 3 ways in which technological changes affect the practice of dentistry
- Health informatics
- Environmental pressures
- Pharma, new materials and costs
According to Daly et al, 2013, name 2 ways in which politicalpressures changes affect the practice of dentistry
- Cost containment
2. Rationing care
According to Daly et al, 2013, name 4 ways in which professional development affect the practice of dentistry
- Life long learning
- Skill mix
- Accountability
- Expectations
How many phases are there in development of public health in industrialized countries?
4
Describe the 1st stage of development of public health
- Industrialization and rapid urbanisation
- Overcrowding, poor housing and infectious disease
- High infant mortality and short lives
How can public health be improved during the 1st stage of development of public health?
Improving living conditions and developing access to clean water
Describe the 2nd phase of development of public health
- Developments lead to mass immunisation
- Growth in maternal and child welfare services e.g. free school meals in UK
- Establishment of School Dental Service
Describe the 3rd phase of development of public health
- Concentration on medical treatments and service delivery in hospitals
- Many infectious diseases disappear
Describe the 4th phase of development of public health
- Limitations of therapy to tackle chronic disease
- Spiralling cost cost of health case
- Focus on maintaining good health
Describe the impacts of internet on development of public health
- Rise in open access to information
- Challenges to “expert”
- Social media
- False information
- Patient advocacy
