Stress

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

A psychological response to demands
(that possess certain stakes for the person and that tax or exceed the person’s capacity or resources)

Question 2

Stressor

Answer 2

The demands that cause people to experience stress

Question 3

Strain

Answer 3

The negative consequences that occur
(when demands tax or exceed a person’s capacity or resources)

Question 4

Stress Process

Answer 4

Demands (stressors) cause a psychological response (stress) that leads to negative consequences (strain)

Question 5

Hindrance Stressors

Answer 5

Demands perceived as HINDERING progress
- tend to be associated with negative emotions

Question 6

Challenge Stressors

Answer 6

Demands perceived as OPPORTUNITIES
- tend to be associated with positive emotions

Question 7

Work Hindrance Stressors

Answer 7

• Role Conflict
• Role Ambiguity
• Role Overload

Question 8

Role Conflict

Answer 8

Conflicting expectations (that others have of employees)
- Ex. Call Operator - provide excellent service and shortest response time

Question 9

Role Ambiguity

Answer 9

Lack of information (about what needs to be done in a role)
- Ex. New Employees

Question 10

Role Overload

Answer 10

Unreasonably high amount of demand (for a role a person holds)
- Ex. Intensity and Hours of work

Question 11

Work Challenge Stressors

Answer 11

• Time Pressure
• Work Complexity
• Work Responsibility

Question 12

Time Pressure

Answer 12

Deadlines

Question 13

Work Complexity

Answer 13

Degree to which the requirements of the work tax or exceed the capability of the employee

Question 14

Work Responsibility

Answer 14

Nature of the OBLIGATIONS that employee has towards others

Question 15

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 15

Peak performance is achieved when people experience a moderate level of pressure
- Bored – Motivated and In Control – Overwhelmed

Question 16

Nonwork Hinderance Stressors

Answer 16

• Work-Family Conflict
• Negative Life Events

Question 17

Work-Family Conflict

Answer 17

Role conflict where demands from work role hinders demands of family role (vice versa = family-work conflict)

Question 18

Negative Live Events

Answer 18

Life events that add negative stressors to a person
- Death, divorce/separation, jail, illness (marriage and pregnancy may be positive events that are still stressful)

Question 19

Nonwork Challenge Stressors

Answer 19

• Family Time Demands
• Personal Development
• Positive Life Events

Question 20

Family Time Demands

Answer 20

Travel with family

Question 21

Personal Development

Answer 21

• Participation in new education program
• Volunteer work
• Learning a new hobby

Question 22

Positive Life Events

Answer 22

• Marriage
• New family member
• Graduation

Question 23

Primary Appraisal Process

Answer 23

Occurs between a stressor and stress
- ‘Is this stressful?’
- Varies based on Individual Differences

Question 24

Secondary Appraisal Process

Answer 24

Occurs between stress and strain
- ‘What should I do?’
- Varies based on Coping Strategies

Question 25

Types of Strain

Answer 25

- Physiological Strain - Psychological Strain - Behavioral Strain

Question 26

Physiological Strain Examples

Answer 26

- Illness - Headache - Back pain

Question 27

Psychological Strain Examples

Answer 27

- Emotional Disorders (depression) - Burnout

Question 28

Burnout

Answer 28

Prolonged response to emotional and interpersonal stressors on job defined by - Emotional exhaustion - Depersonalization - Inefficacy

Question 29

Behavioral Strain Examples

Answer 29

- Compulsive Behaviors - Substance Misuse - Overeating

Question 30

How to Reduce Strain

Answer 30

- Psychological detachment (boundaries) - Self reflection

Question 31

Individual Differences

Answer 31

- Ability (cognitive ability, skills, or knowledge) - Personality (Type A or Type B)

Question 32

Type A Behavior

Answer 32

Strong sense of urgency and tend to be impatient, hard-driving, competitive, controlling, aggressive, and maybe hostile

Question 33

Coping

Answer 33

Behaviors and thoughts that people use to respond to stress

Question 34

Coping Strategies

Answer 34

- Problem Focused Coping - Emotion Focused Coping

Question 35

Problem Focused Coping

Answer 35

Aimed to resolve the stressful situation/event or altering the SOURCE of the stress - Behavioral Method: working harder, seek assistance, get additional resources - Cognitive Method: strategizing, self-motivation, change priorities

Question 36

Emotion Focused Coping

Answer 36

Aimed to managing the EMOTIONS associated with the situation rather than changing the situation itself - Behavioral Method: do other activities, seek support, venting anger - Cognitive Method: avoid, distance or ignore, look at positives, reappraising

Question 37

Organization Stress Management

Answer 37

- Training (increase job skills/competencies or stress management skills) - Supportive Practices (flexible scheduling, telecommuting)

Question 38

Organization Strain Reduction

Answer 38

- Training in Relaxation Techniques - Cognitive Behavioral Techniques - Employee Assistance Programs