Motivation Flashcards
Motivation
A set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines direction, intensity and persistence
- Intrinsic Motivation: internal force (confidence, needs)
- Extrinsic Motivation: external force (goals, incentives)
Aspects of Effort
Direction (What are you going to do?)
Intensity (How hard are you going to work on it?)
Persistence (How long are you going to work on it?)
Why is motivation important?
Motivation has a strong correlation with job performance and moderate correlation with organizational commitment
Theories of Motivation
Expectancy Theory
Goal Setting Theory
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Describes the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses
- Direction of Effort (towards pleasure and away from pain)
Components of Expectancy Theory
Expectancy
Instrumentality
Valence
Expectancy
Efforts will result in performance
Instrumentality
Performance will result in outcomes
Valence
These outcomes are of value
Expectancy Hinderances
- Lack of necessary resources
- Lack of supportive leadership
- Low self efficacy
Self Efficacy
The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success
Instrumentality Hinderances
- Poor methods for measuring performance
- Inadequate budget
- Use of policy (reward seniority not performance)
- Timing delays
What is the MOST IMPORTANT motivator?
NOT PAY – pay is important but not the most important
Expectancy Theory Equation for Motivation
Motivation = expectancy x instrumentality x valence
(if any of them are 0… motivation is 0)
Goal Setting Theory
Motivation is fostered when employees are given specific and difficult
