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BDI > Streptococcus And Enterococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus And Enterococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Positive cocci that are catalase -?
Catalase +

A

Streptococci
Staphylococci

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2
Q

Streptococcus morphology

A

Gram + cocci in strings

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3
Q

Beta hemolytic Streptococcus

A

A, B, C, F, G (Types using Lancefield grouping)

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4
Q

alpha hemolytic streptococcus

A

Strep Virginians and Strep pneumoniae

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5
Q

Gamma hemolytic strep

A

Group D strep and enterococci

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6
Q

Group A strep

A

Strep pyrogens
Rhamnose-N-acetylglucosamine polysaccharide

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7
Q

Group B strep

A

Strep agalactiae
rhamnose-glucosamine polysaccharide

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8
Q

Group A strep diseases

A

Suppurative (pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis/bacteremia, scarlet fever)
Non-suppurative (rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis)

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9
Q

Group A strep- pharyngitis

A

Most common bacterial infection in children
Inflamed pharynx and tonsils-white exudate
Tender lymph nodes
Fever 101 or higher
Diagnose with culture or antigen tests

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10
Q

Streptococcal skin infections-impetigo

A

Climate and hygiene most important factors
Colonize unbroken exposed areas
Small wet patches of red skin that wrap fluid
Children: Peak 2-5 years
Highly contagious

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11
Q

Strep skin infections- erysipelas

A

Acute infection
Painful, erythematous, sharp raised borders
Fever
Leukocytosis

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12
Q

Strep skin infections- cellulitis

A

Spreading infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue
Painful, less distinct borders than erysipelas
Fever
Leukocytosis
Burn victims
Wounds, drug use

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13
Q

Strep skin infections- necrotizing fasciitis

A

Teper subcutaneous tissues and fascia
Flesh eating bacteria
Infection with rapid spread via the facia characterized by severe pain
 cellulitis gangrene necrosis
Fever, leukocytosis, hypotension, shock multi organ failure
Treatment involves aggressive surgical debridement plus antibiotics and IVIG
High mortality rate 

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14
Q

Strep skin infections- scarlet fever

A

Associated with strains that produce SPE- streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin
Appears on first day following acute infection
Rash on chest then sandpaper texture to skin
Rash fades then extensive desquamation lasting approximately a week
strawberry tongue
pastia’s lines

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15
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

Multi organ failure
Seen following pneumonia or necrotizing fasciitis
Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins (SPEs)

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16
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Follows untreated group A streptococcal mediated pharyngitis
Involves, heart joints, subcutaneous tissues
Where in US but common in under developed world
Involves cross reactive antibodies

17
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammatory disorder of renal glomerulus
Rare complication of S pyogens
Follows pharyngitis or pyoderma caused by certain strains of group A streptococci
Cross reactive antibodies or immune complexes are possible disease mechanisms

18
Q

Pediatric auto immune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)

A

Immune sequel are of GAS: antibodies attack basal ganglia
Sydenham’s chorea
Tourette’s syndrome, tics, OCD

19
Q

Mechanisms of pathogenesis

A

Antimicrobial peptide resistance
opsin resistance
phagocyte apoptosis
biofilm formation
epithelial cell adherence and invasion
destruction in neutrophils
dissemination and systemic infection

20
Q

Outcomes of Group A Streptococcus infections

A

PANDAS
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Toxic shock syndrome
Necrotizing fasciitis
Erysipelas
Scarlet fever
Impetigo
Pharyngitis

21
Q

Treatment of Streptococcus infections

A

Penicillin (must take full corse due to suppression of post-streptococcal non-suppurative sequelae)

22
Q

Group B strep

A

S agalactiae
Major cause of disease in neonatal and perinatal periods
Early onset- passage through colonized birth canal
Late onset- nosocomial infection

23
Q

Positive CAMP reaction indicates

A

Group B strep (S agalactiae)

24
Q

Group C strep

A

S dysgalactiae
Causes pharyngitis and other disease (skin/soft tissue, sepsis)

25
Q

Group F strep

A

S anginosus group (anginosus, constellatus, intermedius)
Brain abscess, liver abscess, peritonitis 

26
Q

Group G strep

A

Cross reacts with S anginosus group or S dysgalactiae)

27
Q

Group C, F, and G Strep are all susceptible to _

A

Penicillin

28
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Community acquired- CAP
Adult meningitis
Sinusitis, otitis media, bacteremia

29
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence

A

Polysaccharide capsule
94 different types anti-capsular antibody is protective
Higher incidence of pneumonia in those with clearance issues

30
Q

Bacterial and host factors affecting pneumococcal shedding

A

pneumocystis, capsule type and amount, and viral co-infection increase shedding
Anticapsule IgA1 has no effect
Anticapsule IgG decreases shedding

31
Q

Optichin susceptible Streptococcus are _

A

S pneumoniae

32
Q

Optochin resistance Streptococcus are _

A

Other alpha hemolytic strep

33
Q

Prevention of pneumonia

A

Pneumococcal vaccine
13 valent and 23 valent directed at capsule
S pneumoniae can become resistant to penicillin

34
Q

Streptococcus Virginians

A

Alpha hemolytic strep
Part of normal flora in upper respiratory tract
Penicillin resistance

35
Q

Enterococci

A

Used to be streptococcus
Normal gut flora
E faecalis and E faecium infections occur in compromised hosts (UTI, bacteremia, endocarditis)

36
Q

Streptococcus antibiotic resistance

A

Vancomycin resistant strains (VRE) usually multi resistant
VRE can be treated with synergies/Linezolid/daptomycin
VRE is a nosocomial problem
Transfer of vancomycin resistance to S aureus is a major concern

37
Q

Group D non-Enterococci-Streptococcus Boris group

A

Non hemolytic
Normal flora in GI tract (S equines, S gallolyticus, S infantarius, S alactolyticus)
S gallolyticus subspecies causes endocarditis and bacteremia associated with colonic cancer or meningitis
Penicillin susceptible

BDI (18 decks)

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