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BDI > Microbiology Diagnostics > Flashcards

Microbiology Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

How well does the test detect ALL Individuals positive for a specific organism?

A

Sensitivity, no false negatives

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2
Q

How well does the test attacked ONLY the individuals positive for a specific microorganism?

A

Specificity, no false positives

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3
Q

Diagnostic approaches for pathogen identification in a clinical specimen

A

Microscopy
culture
antigen detection
molecular test (nucleic acid test)

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4
Q

Diagnostic approaches for pathogen identification and culture isolate

A

Colony morphology
microscopy
antigen test
phenotypic tests (biochemical tests)
molecular tests (proteomics test, nucleic acid test)

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5
Q

Pathogens seen on microcopy

A

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Helmiths

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6
Q

Culture based identification

A

Identification of bacterial and fungal infections

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7
Q

Bacterial Culture Methods

A

Agar- colony morphology (size, shape, color, texture)

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8
Q

Blood agar hemolysis

A

Alpha: partial
Beta: complete
Gamma: none

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9
Q

Phenotypic/biochemical tests are performed on _ culture

A

Pure

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10
Q

MacConkey Agar

A

Selective (bile salts inhibit growth of gram +) and differential (lactose present in the media causes organisms to turn pink if they ferment lactose)
grown gram - bacteria

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11
Q

Motility test

A

Bacteria diffuse through media turning it a hazy color

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12
Q

Catalase test is used to

A

Differentiate Strep (catalase -) from Staph (catalase +)
Breakdown of H2O2 into O2 and H2O

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13
Q

Oxidase test tests for the presence of

A

Certain cytochrome C oxidases
+ (associated with color change) result indicates the ability to use oxygen as terminal electron transport acceptor in respiration

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14
Q

Biochemical panels are used for the identification of organisms based on

A

Phenotypic properties

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15
Q

Molecular tests for pathogen identification

A

Proteomics (peptide signatures)- species level for bacterial/fungal
Genomic (nucleic acid signatures)- species level identification of bacterial/fungal/viral/parasitic, identification of genes encoding virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance

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16
Q

Proteomics

A

MALDI-TOF MS
Identifies organisms based on protein spectra
More rapid than traditional biochemical identification

17
Q

Nucleic acid detection

A

PCR: target sequence amplified using complimentary primers and probes (multiplex, quantitative)
Isothermal methods
Whole genome sequencing
16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing

18
Q

Antigen Detection immunoassays

A

Lateral flow immunoassays provide rapid antigen detection in clinic settings
Latex agglutination is preformed on culture isolates in lab

19
Q

Serological diagnosis is based on the presence of

A

Antibodies and used for viral/bacterial infections

20
Q

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)

A

Genotyping methods used to detect resistance genes

BDI (18 decks)

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