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Infection > Streptococci > Flashcards

Streptococci Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria are streptococci?

A

Gram positive cocci

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2
Q

How can streptococci be classified?

A

Haemolysis
Lancefield
Sherman

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3
Q

How is streptococci classified by haemolysis?

A

Alpha haemolysis
Beta haemolysis
Non-haemolytic

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4
Q

What is an example of an alpha haemolytic streptococcus?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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5
Q

What is an example of a beta haemolytic streptococcus?

A

Strep pyogenes

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6
Q

What is an example of a non-haemolytic streptococcus?

A

Enterococcus faecalis

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7
Q

What is the Lancefield classification?

A

Serological classification of beta haemolytic streptococci based on cell wall antigens

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8
Q

What is the Sherman classification?

A

Split into viridans and pyogenic

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9
Q

What is strep pyogenes?

A

Lancefield group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus

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10
Q

What are the virulence factors of strep pyogenes?

A 
Hyaluronic acid capsule 
M protein 
Adhesins 
Streptolysins O+S
DNAses A, B, C, D
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinase
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11
Q

What is the action of Hyaluronic acid capsule?

A

Inhibits phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages

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12
Q

What is the action of M protein?

A

Resistance to phagocytosis by inhibiting activation alternative complement pathway

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13
Q

What is the action of adhesins?

A

Aid adherence

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14
Q

What is the action of streptolysins?

A

Lysis of RBCs, neutrophils and platelets

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15
Q

What is the action of DNAses?

A

Degradation of DNA

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16
Q

What is the action of hyaluronidase?

A

Degradation of hyaluronic acid

17
Q

What is the action of streptokinase?

A

Dissolution of clots through conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

18
Q

What condition is caused by strep pyogenes?

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

19
Q

How is strep pharyngitis spread?

A

Droplet spread

20
Q

What are the clinical features of strep pharyngitis?

A

Abrupt onset sore throat
Maliase
Fever
Exudate on tonsils

21
Q

What are complications of strep pharyngitis?

A 
Scarlet fever 
Peritonsillar abscess
Retropharngeal abscess 
Mastoiditis 
Meningitis
Acute rheumatic fever
Acute post-strep GN
22
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A

Infection with streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin strain of strep pyogenes

23
Q

What are the clincal features of scarlet fever?

A

High fever
Widespread rash
Sepsis

24
Q

What is acute rheumatic fever?

A

Inflammation of the heart, joints and CNS

25
Q

What is post strep GN?

A

Acute inflammation of the glomerulus

26
Q

What skin infections are caused by strep pyogenes?

A

Impetigo
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
Necrotising fasciitis

27
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Childhood infection

28
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Dermis infection with lymphatic involvement

Affects face and lower limbs

29
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Skin and subcutaneous tissue infection

30
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Infection of deeper subcutaneous tissue and fascia

31
Q

What is streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A 
Deep tissue infection - strep pyogenes
\+
Bactaraemia
\+
Vascular collapse
\+
Organ failure

Infection (13 decks)

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