Adaptive Immune Response

Question 1

What are key cells in the adaptive immune response?

Answer 1

T lymphocytes

Antigen presenting cells

Question 2

What are features of antigen presenting cells?

Answer 2

In a strategic location
Capture pathogens
Diversity in pathogen sensors (PRRs)

Question 3

Where are antigen presenting cells found?

Answer 3

Skin (SALT)
Mucous membranes (GALT)
Lymphoid organs
Blood circulation

Question 4

How to APCs capture pathogens?

Answer 4

Phagocytosis

Macropinocytosis

Question 5

What are the different types of APCs?

Answer 5

Dendritic cells
Langerhan’s cells
Macrophages
B cells

Question 6

Where are dendritic cells found?

Answer 6

Lymph nodes
Mucous membranes
Blood

Question 7

What do dendritic cells present to?

Answer 7

Naïve T cells

Question 8

Where are Langerhan’s cells found?

Answer 8

Skin

Question 9

What do Langerhan’s cells present to?

Answer 9

Naïve T cells

Question 10

Where are macrophages found?

Answer 10

Various tissues

Question 11

What do macrophages present to?

Answer 11

Effector T cells

Question 12

Where are B cells found?

Answer 12

Lymphoid tissues

Question 13

What to B cells present to?

Answer 13

Effector T cells

Naïve T cells

Question 14

What makes up humoral immunity?

Answer 14

Antibodies

Complement

Question 15

What makes up cell-dependent immunity?

Answer 15

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Antibodies
Macrophages

Question 16

What are the types of major histocompatibility complex?

Answer 16

Class 1 - found on all nucleated cells

Class 2 - found on dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells

Question 17

What are features of MHC molecules?

Answer 17

Co-dominant expression

Polymorphic genes

Question 18

What is the main function of MHC class 1?

Answer 18

Present peptides from intracellular microbes

Question 19

What is the main function of MHC class 2?

Answer 19

Present peptides from extracellular microbes

Question 20

What cells recognise MHC class 1?

Answer 20

CD8+ T cells

Question 21

What cells recognise MHC class 2?

Answer 21

CD4+ T cells

Question 22

What are clinical problems with MHC molecules?

Answer 22

Organ transplant rejection

HLA association in automimmune disease

Question 23

What happens with extracellular microbes?

Answer 23

Presented via MHC class 2
Presneted to CD4+ T cells (TH2)
Humoral immunity

Question 24

What happens with intracellular microbes?

Answer 24

Presented via MHC class 2
Presented to CD4+ T cells (TH1)
Cell-dependent immunity

Presented via MHC class 1
Presented to CD8+ T cells
Become cytotoxic T cells

Question 25

What are T helper 2 cells used against?

Answer 25

Extracellular microbes

Question 26

What are T helper 1 cells used against?

Answer 26

Intracellular microbes

Question 27

What are the T cell responses against intracellular microbes?

Answer 27

Activate CD8 -> cytotoxic T cell
Activate B cells -> antibodies
Activate macrophages -> phagocytosis

Question 28

What are the T cell responses against extracellular microbes?

Answer 28

TH2

• IL-5 -> eosinophils
• IL-4 -> Bcells + mast cells

TH17
- IL-17 -> neutrophils

Question 29

What are the main types of antibody?

Answer 29

IgG
IgA
IgE
IgM

Question 30

What are the functions of IgG?

Answer 30

Fc-dependent phagocytosis
Complement activation
Neonatal immunity - cross the placenta
Toxin/virus neutralisation

Question 31

What are the functions of IgA?

Answer 31

Mucosal immunity

Question 32

What are the functions of IgM?

Answer 32

Complement activation

Question 33

What are the functions of IgE?

Answer 33

Immunity against helminths

Mast cell degranulation - allergies

Question 34

Which antibody is produced first?

Answer 34

IgM