Strep pneu, pertussis, legionella, mycobacterium

Question 1

main characteristics of strep pnemonia

Answer 1

gram +, diploccoci, aerotolerant aneorobe

Question 2

which pathogen is non spore forming, encapsulated, and is the main cause of pnemonia

Answer 2

Strep pneumoniae

Question 3

Strep pnemoniae has what hemolysis pattern and what result on a catalase text

Answer 3

Alpha hemolysis, catalase neg. (gram neg)

Question 4

how can you positivley identify strep pnemonia

Answer 4

its susceptibility to optochin

Question 5

how does strep pnemonia get entry into host

Answer 5

many people are carries and gets into lower airway

Question 6

explain the 4 stage pathogenesis of strep pnemoniae

Answer 6

1 - alveoli fill w/fluid
2- influx of neutrophils (inflammation)
3- neitrophils consolidate/firmer
4 - phagocytosis of pathogen and recovery

Question 7

otitis media is caused by what pathogen

Answer 7

strep pnemoniae

Question 8

Strep pnemoniae is resistant to ?

Answer 8

Penicillans and other B-lactams

Question 9

when would should you recieve a vaccine for strep pnemoniae

Answer 9

as a baby (2-15 months)

over age of 65

Question 10

what pathogen can be identified because of its cysteine requirement

Answer 10

Legionella pneumophila

Question 11

what are the main characteristics of legionella pneumophila

Answer 11

gram (-), pleomorphic rods, obligate aerobe

Question 12

what color would a gram negative pathogen stain on a gram stain

Answer 12

pink

Question 13

how does one encounter legionella pheumophila

Answer 13

contaminated water

Question 14

how does legionella pneumophila multiply/spread

Answer 14

they are NOT killed by phagocytes, but actually MULTIPLY inside of the macrophages

Question 15

how do you treat legionella pneumophilla

Answer 15

drugs w/ good intracellular penetration (cuz inside macrophages)
-penicillans dont work

Question 16

LPS is found in what type of pathogens

Answer 16

gram negative

Question 17

main characteristics of Bordetalla pertussis

Answer 17

gram (-) rod, obilgate aerobe

Question 18

what does bordetella pertussis cause

Answer 18

contagious whooping cough

Question 19

what is the resovoir for pertussis

Answer 19

infected adults

Question 20

where does pertussis like to colonize

Answer 20

nasopharynx

Question 21

what is the difference b/w Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis

Answer 21

B. pertussis has a pertussis toxin

-parapertussis has NO toxin

Question 22

what are the 3 clinical stages of pertussis

Answer 22

1 - catarrhal stage (cold symptoms) - very contagious
2- paroxysmal stage - coughing attacks
3 - convalescent stage - recovery

Question 23

what is the mechanism and what are the 2 vaccines for pertussis

Answer 23

vaccines have ACELLULAR pertussis

• dTaP
• Tdap

Question 24

what 2 diseases can be caused by mycobacterium species

Answer 24

M. Tuberculosis

M. Leprosy

Question 25

what pathogens are “acid fast bacteria”

Answer 25

mycobacterium

Question 26

what is secondary tuberculosis

Answer 26

its when a latent Tb lesion becomes reactivated

Question 27

what is the pathogenesis of Tb

Answer 27

they are phagocytized and multiply w/in macrophages forming granulomas then eventually lesions

Question 28

how do you diagnose Tb ?

Answer 28

inject the killed antigen “tuberculin or PPD” intradermally

-wait 48 hours and see if forms granuloma

Question 29

M. leprosy has similar pathogenesis and immunology as Tb, thus it forms what on skins as disease progresses

Answer 29

granulomas

Question 30

what are the 2 forms of M leprosy and what is the severity of each

Answer 30

Tuberculoid leprosy - mild flat/sessile lesions

Lepromatous Leprosy - severe w/many deforming lesions

Question 31

what pathogen can not be cultured in vitro ?

Answer 31

M. leprae