Oral Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 potential fates of DNA introduced into bacteria

A

degradation, integration into a plasmid, integration into the chromosome

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2
Q

what is a restriction enzyme

A

enzyme that recognizes specific DNA sequences and cleaves them

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3
Q

how does methylation of DNA affect a restriction enzyme

A

they are markers or identifiers where NOT to cleave

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4
Q

what are the 3 methods of introducing DNA into bacteria

A

tranformation, transduction, and conjugation

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5
Q

what is the difference b/w transformation and transduction

A

transformation is the uptake of DNA via a plasmid or directly into chromosome, transduction integrates DNA through a virus (baccteriophage)

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6
Q

what is the difference b/w the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phage development

A

Lytic cycle releases the phages viral DNA into the bacteria and immediatley lyses
lysogenic integrates the viral DNA into the bacteria and hides w/in the chromosome until further action

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7
Q

the lytic and lysogenic cycle are both examples of what ?

A

transduction

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8
Q

conjugation

A

where bacteria exchange DNA (F plasmid from F+ to F-) via cell to cell contact

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9
Q

what are the different kinds of mutations

A

base substitution, deletion, insertion, duplication

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10
Q

how many cells can be found on the human body, and of that what percentage are human cells

A

100 trillion total but only 10 % human cells

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11
Q

bacterial cells make up what percentage of total body volume in human

A

less than 10 %

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12
Q

how many types of bacteria are found in the oral cavity

A

500-1000

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13
Q

T/F All bacteria occupy the same environmental niches

A

F, different bacteria prefer different parts of the human body

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of shift that occur with increased severity of periodontal disease

A

1 - shift from gram (+) to gram (-) species
2- shift to more uncultivated types of bacteria (more that we do not know of)
3 - shift to increased complexity

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15
Q

T/F there is a community shift that occurs in progression of disease

A

T

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16
Q

As progression of dental caries occurs, overall bacterial diversity ______ and beneficial species _____

A

decreases , decreases

17
Q

with increase in dental caries, disease progression = ______ of dominant species

A

succession