Antivirals and Vaccines Flashcards
what are the 5 strategies of antivirals in blocking different parts of the virus life cycle
- fusion inhibitors
- ion channel inhibitiors
- polymerase inhibitors
- protease inhibitors
- neuroamidase inhibitors
what is the antiviral used for HIV, and what part of the virus life cycle does it inhibit
Enfuvirtide
-inhibits fusion (entry)
what are the antivirals used for influenza, and what part of the virus life cycle do they inhibit
Amantadine and rimantadine
-prevent nucleocapsid release (entry)
what part of the virus life cycle do nucleoside analog antivirals inhibit
inhibit elongation step in genome replication
-inevitably cause chain termination
what is the antiviral used against most herpesvirus, and what part of the virus life cycle does it inhibit
acyclovir
-inhibits genome replication via nucleoside analog
what strain of herpesvirus is antiviral Acyclovir not very effective against
betaherpesvirus or CMV
what antiviral is specifically effective against CMV
Ganciclovir
what is the name of the antiviral that acts similar to Acyclovir, but instead is in a pill form giving it improved oral bioavalibility
Valganciclovir
what is the last resort of antivirals used against herpesvirus and must be administered intravenously
Foscarnet
HIV and HBV (hepatitis B) have multiple antivirals for them. What specific part of the virus life cycle do most of these inhibit
inhibit genome replication via nucleoside analogs
what is the antiviral name of the nucleoside inhibitor of RNA viruses
Ribavirin
what part of the virus life cycle would an antiviral that inhibits proteases affect ?
release part of life cycle
-no protease=no release
the antiviral named ritonavir is used as treatment against HIV, what part of the virus life cycle does it inhibit
release via protease inhibitor
an antiviral that inhibits NA or neuroamidase would be affecting what part of the virus life cycle
release part of life cycle
What are the 3 challenges that must be took into consideration when developing an antiviral
1 - bioavalibility
2 - specificity
3 - toxicity
what are known as natural antivirals
nterferons
interferons used as natural antivirals are most effective against what type of viruses
RNA viruses
what is the difference b/w active and passive immunization
Active - administer live pathogen to induce Ab
Passive - administer exogenous Ab
what is the main advantage and disadvantage of a live attenuated vaccine
Adv. - provides stronger immunity
Dis. - potential to revert and unsafe for immunocomprimised patients
which virus is most typically considered when taking about the reversion of a live attenuated vaccine back to pathogenic form
poliovirus
what are the 2 main considerations of vaccines before adminstering ?
- age
- special populations
what are the 3 important immune cell types in a vaccination
1 - B cells (Ab)
2 - CD8 Tcells (cell mediated immunity)
3 - CD4 Tcells (Ab)
