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Micro > Bacteroides and Abscesses > Flashcards

Bacteroides and Abscesses Flashcards

1
Q

what are the characteristics of bacteroides and where can the typically be found

A

gram negative, anearobes, metabolize complex carbs, found in intestinal flora

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2
Q

what is the predominant member of bacteroides in intra-abdominal absecess

A

B. fragilis

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3
Q

what is the effect of high amounts of oxygen on beacteroides

A

toxic and will damage cell wall (aneorbes so only tolerate little o2)

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4
Q

what cavity is the most susceptible to bacteroides of intestinal spillage occurs

A

the peritoneal cavity

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5
Q

intra-abdominal infections from intestinal spillage result in what type of disease

A

biphasic disease

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6
Q

why is B. fragilis the most common bacteroide species found in intra-abdominal abscesses

A
  • evades phagocytes
  • tolerates initial O2 environment of peritoneal cavity
  • thrives once the cavity becomes anaerobic
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7
Q

what are the potential damages caused by intra-abdominal abscesses

A
  • necrosis of neiboring tissues

- reservoirs for bacteria causing sepsis/shock

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8
Q

how do you diagnose an intra-abdominal infection of bacteroides

A

CAT scan then culture the fluid drained from abscess

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9
Q

how do you treat intra-abdominal abscesses

A

surgical removal and antibiotics

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10
Q

what enzymes do bacteroides use to tolerate short exposure to O2

A

superoxide dismutase, catalase

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11
Q

what is the difference b/w sepsis and bacteremia

A

sepsis is severe systemic illness brought about by microbes, bacteremia is simply prescence of microbes in blood

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12
Q

what are the bodies primary mediators of sepis

A
  • cytokines IL-1 and TNF-x (most important)
  • Gram (-) bacteria LPS
  • Gram (+) bacteria peptidoglycan
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13
Q

what are the effects of cytokines on vasculature

A
  • vasodilation of vessels
  • vascular leakage causing edema
  • coagulation
  • increase neutrophil expression
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14
Q

hemodynamic derangement eventually causes ?

A

organs to fail

-MODS or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome known as “shock” phase

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15
Q

what are the physiological characteristics that hemodynamic derangement is in process

A

decreases blood pressure
increased cardiac output
low organ perfusion

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16
Q

how do you treat sepsis

A

Antibiotics along with …

  • ventilator for O2
  • IV fluids fro blood pressure
  • adrenergic drugs for increase tissue perfusion
17
Q

what are the general characteristics for spirochetes

A

long thin and helical shaped

-cause syphilis and lyme disease

18
Q

what is the specific sprirochete that causes syphillis

A

trepona pallidum

19
Q

what are the 2 major routes for transmission o ftrepona pallidum causing syphillis

A

transplacental and mucous membranes during sex

20
Q

what is a syphylitic chancre

A

initial lesion in primary syphillis

21
Q

what does trepona pallidum spread systemically

A

through lymphatic channels

22
Q

in what stage of syphilis does the bacteria replicate intracellularly and called the “great imitator”

A

secondary syphillis

23
Q

treatment of secondary syphilis with penicillan can result in fever and shock called ?

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer r/x

24
Q

what stage of syphilis can the bacteria become latent

A

secondary syphilis

25
Q

what is the general outcome for tertiary syphilis

A

destruction of host tissue due chronic inflammation and vasculitis

26
Q

what is a gummas and what stage of syphilis are they

A

treponemes+ inflammatory cells in tertiary syphilis

27
Q

how does tertiary syphilis affect the CNS

A

ataxic gait, general paresis

28
Q

how is syphilis diagnosed

A

detecting antibodies

29
Q

how do you treat syphilis

A

penecillan in all stages

30
Q

what is the specific spirochete that causes lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi

31
Q

what is the vector of borrelia burgdorferi, and what triggers the bacteria after being dormant

A

ticks(bacteria hides in midgut of ticks until triggered), mammal blood is the trigger

32
Q

how is borrelia burgdorferi spread once the body has an infection

A

spread via binding to plasminogen and converting it to plasmin

33
Q

what is erythrema migrans

A

lesion that forms in localized infection of stage 1 lyme disease

34
Q

what type of infection is stage 2 lyme disease and what is the mechanism of damage

A

desseminated infection

-damage caused by hosts response to bacteria via cytokines IL-1 and TNF-x

35
Q

what are the initial symptoms of stage 3 lyme disease

A

arthritis

36
Q

stage 3 lyme disease effects CNS and skin how ?

A

affects CNS memory, mood, and sleep

-casuse atrophy of skin called acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans

37
Q

how is lyme disease diagnosed

A

detecting antibodies

38
Q

what specific antibiotic is not effective against lyme dieases

A

penicilan

Micro (22 decks)

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