"Other" Mucosal Pathogens

Question 1

what is the most common form of bacterial infections

Answer 1

urinary tract infection

Question 2

what is the difference b/w uncomplicated UTI and a complicated UTI ?

Answer 2

Uncomplicated - all normal defense mechanisms are intact, only in lower urinary tract
Complicated - structural abnormality in urinary tract that has spread to kidney

Question 3

what are the natural defenses found in the urinary tract

Answer 3

• voidance of bladder
• peristalsis
• one way ureter valves
• pH
• normal microbiota

Question 4

what pathogen is the most common cause of UTI’s

Answer 4

UPEC (uropathogenic E-coli)

Question 5

what are fimbriae used for by pathogens

Answer 5

used specifically for adhering to uroepithelial wall

Question 6

what 2 proteins does UPEC produce to help cause a UTI

Answer 6

aerobactin - binds iron from host which increases its virulence
hemolysin - toxin that lyses host cells

Question 7

what 2 pathogens are known to cause uncomplicated UTI’s

Answer 7

UPEC and Proteus mirabilis

Question 8

if a UTI infection spreads to the kidney it is termed ?

Answer 8

pyelonephritis

Question 9

which is a more severe form of uncomplicated UTI, UPEC or Proteus

Answer 9

Proteus mirabilis

Question 10

what are the virulence factors of proteus mirabilis

Answer 10

flagella, fimbriae, hemolysins, IgA protease, urease

Question 11

what does Prtoeus virulence facter IgA protease do ?

Answer 11

degrades IgA host Antibodies

Question 12

what pathogen has urease as a virulence factor and why is that importatn

Answer 12

Proteus mirabilis

-makes pee more basic (raise pH) allowing for (1) better growth (2) a toxicity to renal cells (3) causes urinary stones

Question 13

how do you diagnose which pathogen is causing a UTI

Answer 13

count bacteria in urine

• pH of piss (basic is proteus)
• presence of urease=proteus

Question 14

how do you treat UTI

Answer 14

antimicrobials

Question 15

what pathogen causes bacterial pneumonia

Answer 15

Klebsiella

Question 16

what is the most important virulence factor of Klebsiella

Answer 16

has a antiohagocytic capsule allowing it to evade macrophages

Question 17

what does aerobactin protein of Klebsiella do

Answer 17

sequesters iron from host making it more virulent

Question 18

what pathogen is known as the “slow” bacterium

Answer 18

Helicobacter pylori

Question 19

where does Helicobacter pylori tend to colonize and cause infection

Answer 19

mucous cells of the stomach

Question 20

what pathogen can cause a number of diseases that are all preceded by chronic superficial gastritis

Answer 20

Helicobacter pylori

Question 21

helicobacter pylori is very sensitive to what ?

Answer 21

acid

Question 22

helicobacter pylori has the ability to downregulate somatostatin producing D cells, what is the effect on the host by this ?

Answer 22

inhibits gastrin, (makes stomach acid) which allows an environment for acid-sensitive helicobacter pathogens to grow

Question 23

what is the difference b/w an invasive and non-invasive test for the diagnosis of helicobactor pylori

Answer 23

noninvasive - urea breath test (prescence of urease)

invasive - culture stomach lining