Small Gram Negative Pathogens Flashcards
Chlamydiae has what main characteristics ?
gram (-)
obligate intracellular pathogen
what pathogen is known as a “energy parasite”
Chlamydiae
what is the main bacterial species of Chlamydia that affects humans
C. trachomatis
what pathogen causes the leading number of preventable blindness
Chlamydial infections
what does C. trachomatis generally cause
genital tract infections
C. trachomitis can be present w/o the host knowing. What is this term called, who does it usually happen to and what can be its affects
asymptomatic carriage usually in women
-Infants can get conjunctivitis and pneumonia during birth
Explain the clamydiae life cycle and how it enters a host
Starts out as Elementary body and attaches to epithelial cells then is vesiclized via endocytosis
- once in vesicle EB converts to RB (reticular body)
- Starts to replicate w/in RB and eventually releases many new EB (then start over)
How fast does chlamydia grow
Very Slow
-2 or 3 days per replication cycle
What bacteria is an obligate intracellular pathogen and must use drinking straws? What are drinking straws
Chlamydiae
-tube structures allowing pathogen to feed off host w/o leaving inclusion body/ vesicle
what is the actual disease that causes conjunctiva, scarring of retina and blindness ? and what pathogen causes this
Trachoma (C. Trachomitis)
Lymphogranuloma Venerum is caused by what pathogen
STD caused by Chlamydia venerum
what is the most prevalent chlamydial pathogen in the human population, and what does it cause
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-atherosclerotic heart lesions
what makes treatment of Chlamydiae very difficult
- Four membranes that drugs/antimicrobials must penetrate through
- Grow Slow so antibiotics must be used for long ass time
Basic characteristics of Ricketsiae
gram (-)
obligate intracellular pathogen
which pathogen is an obligate intracellular pathogen but has an independent metabolism … (makes own ATP)
Rickettsiae
what is a zoonose and which pathogen is one
ifenctions thats transmitted from animals to humans
-Ricketsiae
what is the animal vector of Ricketsiae
Ticks
How does ricketsiae spread and multiply
tick puts bacteria into bloodstream
- attach to vascular endothelial cells which induces endocytosis
- once phagocytized they lyse phagosome and spread
- move around via actin polymerization of host through filopodia
which bacterial pathogen has a virulence factor of a phospholipase
Rickettsiae (lyses phagosomes)
what pathogen utilizes the hosts actin to propel itself through local projecctions called filopodia
Ricketsiae
how does R. Rickettsiae cause damage
lysis of endothelial cells results in hemmorahagic spots (rash)
what bacterial pathogen is associated with Typhus group fevers
Ricketsiae
Erhlicia is a is gram (-) and obligate intracellular pathogen that affects what ?
human immune cells like monocytes and macrophages
why is Rickettsiae diagnosis very problematic
becuase they dont grow by themselves and the patient may not be aware of a tick bite
diagnosis of what pathogen requires clinical diagnostic tests
Ricketsiae
Mycoplasmas are unique in that they require what to grow ?
sterols (cholesterols)
what is walking pneumonia and what pathogen causes this
atypical pneumonia or bronchopneumonia in that bacteria only affect bronkchioles NOT alveoli
what are the 2 main virulence factors of M. pneumoniae
- tissue toxic substances
- IgM cold hemagglutins
what is hemolytic anemia and what pathogen causes this
where IgM hemagglutins bind RBC at cold temperatures resulting in anemia
-Mycoplasma pneumonia
what is the newest emerging bacterial pathogen / STD
Genital Mycoplasmas ( M. genitalium)
