Storing and using genetic information

Question 1

What is a phenotype?

Answer 1

Outward physical manifestation

Question 2

What is a genotype?

Answer 2

Full hereditary information

Question 3

Where, in cells, is most of the genetic information, and wherer is the other small percentage?

Answer 3

Nucleus, and mitochondria.

Question 4

What are chromosomes?

Answer 4

thread like structure that carries all the genes.

Question 5

How many histone proteins do we have?

Answer 5

8

Question 6

What is chromatin?

Answer 6

A mix of DNA, proteins, RNA

Question 7

The two types of chromatin are?

Answer 7

Heterchromatin

euchromatic

Question 8

Is heterchromatin condensed or not?

Answer 8

condensed

Question 9

Is euchromatin condensed?

Answer 9

no, extended.

Question 10

What can histone proteins do?

Answer 10

remodel complexes

Question 11

What does it mean that DNA is ‘semi-conservative’?

Answer 11

One half of each DNA molecule is new, one half is old.

Question 12

Why is the strict arrangement/alignment of chromosomes so important?

Answer 12

To make sure that there are equal amounts of DNA that go into each new cell at cell division.

Question 13

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 13

46

Question 14

What is the human genome project?

Answer 14

an organisation that is working to determine the sequencing of the nucleotide base pairs in human DNA.

Question 15

What percentage of genes are the functions unknown?

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

Are introns coding?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Are exons coding?

Answer 17

no, non-coding.

Question 18

What is sickle cell anaemia an example of?

Answer 18

Single point mutations.

Question 19

What is the major role of RNA?

Answer 19

to participate in protein synthesis

Question 20

What does tRNA do?

Answer 20

translates mRNA into amino acid sequence.

Question 21

What make up ribosomes?

Answer 21

rRNA and protein.