Imaging In Cancer Flashcards
What is CT colonography?
…
Why do patients need to stop eating before scans?
… Fecal waste and tumours show the same - cannot tell the difference.
What is the best imaging of choice for a patient?
CT colonography
What are the different types of barium scans?
MEals
ENema
Which is more dangerous, radioactively? Barium meal or barium enema?
Enema - by a lot.
What are different types of cross sectional imagine?
CT
MRI
PET
WHat is CT?
Digital image slice of tissue…
Usually in axial plane
Result of computation by mathematics
What is a houunsfield unit?
CT numbers
Relates to attention ion value to that of water.
What is the difference between pixels and voxels?
Pixels = 2D
Voxels = 3D
What are some contrast agents used in CT?
ORal - iodine (gastographin)
Intravenous - iodine (omnipaque)
What is a problem faced with CT contrasting agents?
Allergic and anaphylactic reactions maybe occur with IV contrast.
What is T-staging?
T1 - superficial tumour
T2 - deeper
What kind of imaging is used regarding the spinal chord?
MRI - very intricate.
What do MRI scans depend on?
Hydrogen atoms.
When can MRI not be used?
In places where there is movement/ digestion etc.
What is buscopan?
Parasympathetic blocker.
What is the ALARA principle?
As Low As REasonably Achievable
(Ensuring examination is necessary)
(Adequate clinical information)
(Avoiding repeat examinations. )
What happens in an MRI?
When bodies are put in a strong magnetic field, H atoms all ALIGN.
How are the MRI images created?
Using time time taken from H atoms to return back
Disadvantages of MRI
CLaustrophobic and noisy
Cannot image patients with pacemakers/ aneurysm clips.
What is screening used for?
Identifying disease at a latent stage
For population without symptoms
Easier to detect (earlier on)
What are the 3 screening programmes in NHS?
Breast
BOwel
Cervix
What is an anuerysm?
Weak spot on blood vessel
Outward bulge
What are the WHO principles of screening?
important health problem
There should be a latent stage
There should be a test/ examination for the problem
The test should be acceptable to the population
There should be a treatment for the condition
Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available.
What do mammograms examine?
Breasts.
