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Principles of disease Jess > Imaging In Cancer > Flashcards

Imaging In Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is CT colonography?

A

…

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2
Q

Why do patients need to stop eating before scans?

A

… Fecal waste and tumours show the same - cannot tell the difference.

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3
Q

What is the best imaging of choice for a patient?

A

CT colonography

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4
Q

What are the different types of barium scans?

A

MEals

ENema

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5
Q

Which is more dangerous, radioactively? Barium meal or barium enema?

A

Enema - by a lot.

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6
Q

What are different types of cross sectional imagine?

A

CT
MRI
PET

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7
Q

WHat is CT?

A

Digital image slice of tissue…
Usually in axial plane
Result of computation by mathematics

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8
Q

What is a houunsfield unit?

A

CT numbers

Relates to attention ion value to that of water.

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9
Q

What is the difference between pixels and voxels?

A

Pixels = 2D

Voxels = 3D

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10
Q

What are some contrast agents used in CT?

A

ORal - iodine (gastographin)

Intravenous - iodine (omnipaque)

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11
Q

What is a problem faced with CT contrasting agents?

A

Allergic and anaphylactic reactions maybe occur with IV contrast.

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12
Q

What is T-staging?

A

T1 - superficial tumour

T2 - deeper

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13
Q

What kind of imaging is used regarding the spinal chord?

A

MRI - very intricate.

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14
Q

What do MRI scans depend on?

A

Hydrogen atoms.

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15
Q

When can MRI not be used?

A

In places where there is movement/ digestion etc.

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16
Q

What is buscopan?

A

Parasympathetic blocker.

17
Q

What is the ALARA principle?

A

As Low As REasonably Achievable
(Ensuring examination is necessary)
(Adequate clinical information)
(Avoiding repeat examinations. )

18
Q

What happens in an MRI?

A

When bodies are put in a strong magnetic field, H atoms all ALIGN.

19
Q

How are the MRI images created?

A

Using time time taken from H atoms to return back

20
Q

Disadvantages of MRI

A

CLaustrophobic and noisy

Cannot image patients with pacemakers/ aneurysm clips.

21
Q

What is screening used for?

A

Identifying disease at a latent stage
For population without symptoms
Easier to detect (earlier on)

22
Q

What are the 3 screening programmes in NHS?

A

Breast
BOwel
Cervix

23
Q

What is an anuerysm?

A

Weak spot on blood vessel

Outward bulge

24
Q

What are the WHO principles of screening?

A

important health problem

There should be a latent stage

There should be a test/ examination for the problem

The test should be acceptable to the population

There should be a treatment for the condition

Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available.

25
Q

What do mammograms examine?

A

Breasts.

Principles of disease Jess (36 decks)

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