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Principles of disease Jess > Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differences between chronic and acute inflammation?

A

…

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2
Q

What are the cells involved in chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Fibroblasts

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3
Q

What are the potential causes of chronic inflammation?

A

Acute inflammation

Primary leison

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4
Q

What are the effects of chronic inflammation?

A

Increase in cells involved

Organ/tissue necrosis and loss of function

Healing and repair - granulation tissue, scarring and fibrosis

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5
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

Lay down collagen to repair tissue (scar tissue)

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6
Q

Factors that promote healing and repair?

A

Cleanliness
Good nutrion
Stable metabolism

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7
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Formation of new blood vessels, part of granulation tissue and repair.

Allows blood supply to be re-established in damaged tissue

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8
Q

Factors that impair healing and repair?

A

Dirty/open wounds
Poor nutrition, lack of vit A and C
Abnormal metabolism
Inhibition of angiogenesis

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9
Q

What does idiopathic mean?

A

No known cause

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10
Q

What is granulomatous inflammation?

A 
SPecial type of chronic inflammation
Presence of granulomas in tissues
Have antigens that you CANT digest 
Many serious infections cause this
Include lots of global scale diseases
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11
Q

What is a granuloma?

A 
Aggregate of macrophages
Epithelioid 
Surround dead material
Contain neutrophils, eosinophils 
Response to indigestible antigen

Many are type 4 hypersensitivity responses

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12
Q

What happens if you ingest glass?

A

Indigestible antigen - no immune response

Granuloma responds

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13
Q

What are giant cells?

A

Controversy - fusion of macrophages or replicating macrophages (no division)

Often associated with granulomas, granulation tissue - acutely inflamed, neutrophils, pus, organisation

E.g Langhans type giant cell - found in tuberculosis

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14
Q

Silicone associated giant cell

A

Eg breast implants

Produces foreign body, contains lots of macrophages

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15
Q

Examples of granulomatous diseases

A

TB
Leprosy
Syphillis

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16
Q

Crumbly white structures on lungs with TB

A

Granuloma tissue

17
Q

Leprosy

A

Granulomatous inflammation on skin (bubbling blisters)

18
Q

Syphillis

A

No decrease in cases seen

Penicillin can cure

Huge proportion of sex workers with syphillis

Ulcers on places which make contact with others

19
Q

What is a ‘chancre’ regarding syphillis?

A

Blister/ hole type

20
Q

What are some non-infective granulomas?

A

Rheumatoid disease - destruction of joints

Crohn’s disease - ulcers in colon, fibrosis of wall

Sacroidosis - pulmonary disease, fibrosis, granulomas forming near airways

21
Q

Wound healing

A

Process of repair of tissue damage
Phase of acute inflammation
Local angiogenesis (new vessels grow)
Fibrosis and scar formation

22
Q

Primary intention healing

A

Inconspicuous
Minimal granulation tissue
Small scar
Linear scar

23
Q

Healing by secondary intention

A

Lots of granulation tissue

Contraction and scarring (ill-defined - not linear)

24
Q

Sequence of events

A

Injury, blood clot, acute inflammation, fibrin
Many growth factors, cytokines involved
Granulation tissue growth - angiogenesis

25
Q

How does diabetes affect healing process?

A

Scarring made moe difficult

26
Q

Fracture healing

A

Same principles as soft tissue healing

27
Q

Sequence o events in feature healing

A

Trauma, fracture, haematoma- Lots of blood produced from bone (blood loss)
Bits of dead bone and soft tissue
Acute inflammation, organisation, granulation tissue, macrophages remove debris
Granulation tissue contains OSTEOBLASTS as well as FIBROBLASTS

28
Q

What is callus?

A

Osteoblasts laying down tissue (woven bone with nodules of cartilage)
Callus formation is followed by bone remodelling (with lamella bone - stronger, normal bone)

29
Q

What is stronger - woven or lamellar bone?

A

Lamella bone

30
Q

Where does angiogenesis occur?

A

Thrombosis - limits thrombus propagation, reinstatement of flow

Malignant tumours - occurs as tumour grows

Atherosclerosis - similarities with chronic inflammation

31
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Deposition of fat on walls of arteries

Principles of disease Jess (36 decks)

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