Stomach Week 5 FINISHED

Question 1

What is the stomach? Where is it found?

Answer 1

Expanded part of the digestive system

Found between the oesophagus and the small intestine

Question 2

What does the size and position of the stomach depend on?

Answer 2

The shape and position however varies between people
Also varies within the individual because of the movement of the diaphragm with respiration
- the stomach’s contents
- the position of the person eg lying or standing

Question 3

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 3

• Food blender
• Reservoir
• Secretes gastric juices which gradually converts a mass of food into a liquid mixture = chyme (juice)
• Chyme – semi fluid mixture, creamy material, homogenous (results from the gastric digestion of food)

Question 4

How much food can the stomach hold?

Answer 4

2-3 litres

Question 5

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

Answer 5

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric region

Question 6

What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?

Answer 6

Lesser and greater

Question 7

Where is the cardia of the stomach?

Answer 7

• part surrounding the cardial orifice (orifice between the distal oesophagus and stomach)

Question 8

What is the fundus of the stomach? Where is it found? What part of the diaphragm does it relate to? What height does it reach?

Answer 8

= Base / bottom
Dilated superior region
Found above the horizontal plane of the cardial orifice
Relates to the left dome of the diaphragm
Usually reaches the 5th intercostal space (same maximum height as the Lt dome of the diaphragm)

Question 9

What is found between the fundus and the oesophagus?

Answer 9

The cardial notch is found between the fundus and the oesophagus

Question 10

Where is the body of the stomach?

Answer 10

Body - region between the fundus and the pyloric antrum

Question 11

What is the pyloric part of the stomach? What does pylorus refer to?

Answer 11

Funnel part of the stomach

Pylorus - refers to the sphincteric region

Question 12

What is the widest part of the pyloric region called?

Answer 12

The widest part is called the pyloric antrum (antrum = cave, cavity, chamber)

Question 13

What is the narrowest part of the pyloric region?

Answer 13

This leads into the narrowest part called the pyloric canal

Question 14

What is the pyloric sphincter? What does it do?

Answer 14

A region of the pyloric region thickened to form the pyloric sphincter
= gate keeper

The sphincter controls the movement of stomach contents through the pyloric orifice to the duodenum

Question 15

What is the lesser curve of the stomach? What is 2/3rds along the border of the lesser curvature?

Answer 15

• The shorter concave border of the stomach

- 2/3 rds along the border find a sharp indentation called the angular notch

Question 16

What is the greater curve of the stomach?

Answer 16

The longer, convex border of the stomach

Question 17

What does the angular notch of the stomach indicate?

Answer 17

Indicates the junction between the body of the stomach and the pyloric region

Question 18

Describe the coverage of the stomach by peritoneum

Answer 18

Most of the stomach is covered by peritoneum

2 layers of the lesser omentum extend around the stomach and leave its greater curvature as the greater omentum

Question 19

What is anterior to the stomach?

Answer 19

• diaphragm
• Lt lobe of the liver
• anterior abdominal wall

Question 20

What is posterior to the stomach?

Answer 20

• omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac/ cavity)

- pancreas

Question 21

What is the arterial supply to the stomach?

Answer 21

Rich supply
Gastric arteries arise from the celiac trunk and its branches

Lt gastric artery: arises directly off the celiac trunk, passes in the lesser omentum
It then courses along the lesser curvature and anastomoses with the Rt gastric artery

Rt gastric artery: arises from the hepatic artery
It also runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach and anastomoses with the Lt gastric artery

Lt gastro-omental artery: arises from the Splenic artery
Runs along the greater curvature of the stomach

Rt gastro-omental artery: is a terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery
Runs along the greater curvature of the stomach
Anastomoses with the Lt gastro-omental artery

Short gastric arteries (4-5): which arise from the distal end of the splenic artery
Supply the fundus of the stomach

Question 22

What is the venous drainage of the stomach?

Answer 22

Follow the arteries in position and course
Rt and Lt gastric veins drain into the portal vein
Short gastric veins and the Lt gastro-omental vein drain into the splenic vein
Rt gastro-omental vein drains into the SMV
SMV + splenic vein = portal vein (behind the junction of the neck and the head of the pancreas)

Question 23

What is the nerve supply to the stomach?

Answer 23

Parasympathetics
- Vagus nerve

Sympathetics
- T6- T9 through the celiac plexus via the greater splanchnic nerves

Question 24

What are the 3 layers of muscle of the stomach from innermost to outermost?

Answer 24

Three layers of mm

• outermost - longitudinal
• middle - circular
• innermost - oblique

Question 25

What is the stomach lined with?

What happens to the stomach mucosa when the stomach contracts?

Answer 25

Lined with gastric mucosa

When the stomach contracts the mucosa is thrown into longitudinal folds/ ridges called gastric folds or rugae

Question 26

What does rugae mean?

Answer 26

Ridge

Question 27

What epithelium lines the stomach?

Answer 27

Lining epithelium mainly consists of a single layer of mucous secreting columnar cells