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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY > Large Intestine Week 6 FINISHED > Flashcards

Large Intestine Week 6 FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A 
Caecum
Appendix
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal
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2
Q

What is the first part of the large intestine?

A

The caecum

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3
Q

What is the caecum continuous with?

A

The ascending colon

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4
Q

How long/wide is the caecum?

A

~ 7.5 cm in both length and breadth

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5
Q

Where is the caecum found?

A

Right lower quadrant

OR

Left iliac region

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6
Q

Caecum:

A

Inferior to the junction between the terminal ileum and large intestine
Where the ileum enters the caecum find folds superior and inferior forming the ileocecal valve
Ileocecal orifice

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7
Q

Does the caecum have mesentery?

A

No mesentery, is almost entirely covered by peritoneum

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8
Q

What is the appendix, AKA, how long is it, where is it and does it have mesentery?

A

An accessory part attached to a main structure
AKA vermiform appendix ( vermis = wormlike)
- 6 -10 cm in length
Arises from the posteriomedial aspect of the caecum
Inferior to the ileocecal junction (Mc Burney’s point 1/3 rd up line between ASIS and umbilicus)
Has a short mesentery = mesoappendix ( between the terminal ileum, and caecum and appendix)

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9
Q

What is the function of the appendix?

A

Function = contains lymphoid tissue, Stores, produces or processes lymphocytes

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10
Q

What is the arterial supply for the appendix and caecum?

A

Caecum - ileocolic artery, terminal branch of the SMA

Appendix - appendicular artery (branch of the ileocecal artery)

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11
Q

What is the venous drainage of the appendix and caecum?

A

Caecum and appendix - ileocolic vein > SMV

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12
Q

What is the nervous suply of the appendix and caecum?

A 
Parasympathetic = vagus,    
Sympathetic = lower thoracic T12
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13
Q

What are the 4 parts of the colon?

A

Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

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14
Q

What is the second part of the large intestine?

A

The ascending colon

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15
Q

Where does the ascending colon run?

A

Passes superiorly on the right side of the abdominal cavity

Passes from the caecum to the liver, here it turns left at the right colic flexure or the hepatic flexure

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16
Q

Is the ascending colon retroperitoneal? Does it have mesentery?

A

Yes it is retroperitoneal, covered by peritoneum anteriorly and on its sides

25% of people have a short mesentery

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply for the ascending colon?

A

Arterial supply to ascending colon and hepatic flexure

  • branches from the SMA
  • ileocolic and Rt colic arteries
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18
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ascending colon?

A

Venous drainage

  • veins same names as arteries
  • drain to SMV
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19
Q

What is the nervous supply of the ascending colon?

A

Parasympathetic – vagus

Sympathetic - entire colon T10 - L2

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20
Q

How long s the transverse colon?

A

45 cm long

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21
Q

Which is the largest and most mobile part of the large intestine?

A

The transverse colon

22
Q

Where is the transverse colon/where does it run?

A

Variable in position, usually hanging to the level of the umbilicus

Passes across the abdomen from the Rt colic flexure (hepatic flexure) to the Lt colic flexure (splenic flexure)

23
Q

What attaches the transverse colon to the diaphragm?

A

Attaches to the diaphragm by the phrenicocolic ligament

24
Q

What is the mesentery of the transverse colon called?

A

Mesentery of the transverse colon = transverse mesocolon

25
Q

What is the arterial supply of the transverse colon?

A

Arterial supply

  • mainly from the middle colic artery, branch of the SMA
  • also supply from the Rt colic artery (SMA) and Lt colic artery (IMA)
26
Q

What is the venous drainage of the transverse colon?

A

Venous drainage - SMV

27
Q

What is the nervous supply of the transverse colon?

A

Nerve supply:

  • sympathetics - entire colon T10 - L2
  • parasympathetics - vagus
28
Q

What parts of the descending colon are covered in peritoneum?

A

Passes retroperitoneally

Covered with peritoneum anteriorly and laterally

29
Q

Where does the descending colon pass?

A

Passes from the Lt colic flexure (splenic flexure) down to the iliac fossa

30
Q

What is the descending colon continuous with inferiorly?

A

Continuous with the sigmoid colon

31
Q

How long is the sigmoid colon?

A

Variable length ~ 40 cm long

32
Q

Between what bony landmarks does the sigmoid colon pass?

A

Extends from the iliac fossa to S3 where joins the rectum

33
Q

What is the rectosigmoidjunction signified by?

A

The termination of the teniae coli

34
Q

Does the sigmoid colon have mesentery?

A

Has a mesentery and thus considerable freedom of movement

35
Q

What are the teenier coli?

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle

36
Q

What is the arterial supply of the sigmoid colon and descending colon?

A

Lt colic (IMA) and superior sigmoid arteries (IMA)

37
Q

What is the venous drainage of the descending and sigmoid colon?

A

IMV flows into the splenic vein and into the portal system

38
Q

What is the nerve supply to the descending and sigmoid colon?

A

Sympathetics - lumbar part of the sym trunk via the superior hypogastric plexus

Parasympathetics - pelvic splanchnics S2-4

39
Q

At what level is the junction between the rectum and the sigmoid colon?

A

S3

40
Q

Where does the rectum end/become the anal canal?

A

Ends at the tip of the coccyx where it turns sharply in a posterior inferior direction at the anorectal flexure at the level of the pelvic diaphragm

41
Q

What muscle forms a sling around the rectum, helping with bowel continence?

A

Puborectalis

42
Q

What is the distal end of the rectum called?

A

Distal end of the rectum is called the rectal ampulla

= a dilated part of the rectum

43
Q

Where is the rectal ampulla in relation to the pelvic diaphragm?

A

This lies directly above and is supported by the pelvic floor

44
Q

What is the function of the rectal ampulla?

A

It receives and hold the accumulating faecal mass

It relaxes to accommodate accumulating faecal mass

45
Q

What is the peritoneal covering of the rectum?

A

Superior 1/3 rd - covered anteriorly and laterally by peritoneum

Middle 1/3 - covered anteriorly

Inferior 1/3 rd - none because it is subperitoneal

46
Q

What is the pouch in males where the peritoneum reflects from the posterior bladder to the rectum?

A

Rectovesicle pouch

47
Q

What is the pouch in females where the peritoneum reflects from the posterior aspect of the vagina and uterus to the rectum?

A

Rectouterine pouch or Pouch of Douglas

48
Q

What is the arterial supply of the rectum?

A

Superior rectal artery - (proximal rectum) from the inferior mesenteric artery

Middle rectal arteries - ( middle and inferior rectum) from the anterior division of the internal iliac

Inferior rectal arteries - (anorectal junction and anal canal) from the internal pudendal arteries (from the anterior division of the internal iliac)

49
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

Superior rectal veins > portal venous system

Middle and inferior rectal veins > systemic system

50
Q

What is the nervous supply of the rectum?

A

PSNS - pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)

SNS - Lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk

51
Q

Differences from the large intestine to the small intestine:

A

Teniae coli ( 3 thickened bands of muscle)

  • Comprise most of the longitudinal mm of the large intestine
  • none in the appendix or rectum
  • extends from the caecum to the beginning of the rectum

Haustrations ( sacculations of the colon between the teniae)

Omental appendices (small fatty projections of the omentum)

Calibre ( the internal diametre is greater)

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY (21 decks)

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