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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY > Embryology Week 10 FINISHED > Flashcards

Embryology Week 10 FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

Embryonic period is how long?

A

8 weeks

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2
Q

What day does the heart start beating?

A

Day 23

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3
Q

What is neurulation?

A

The differentiation of the ectoderm that gives rise to the development of the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What week is neurulation completed by?

A

Week 4

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5
Q

What stimulates neurulation?

A

The notochord

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6
Q

What happens by day 22?

A

The superior aspects of the neural folds fuse to form the neural tube

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7
Q

What makes the nervous system in the embryo?

A

The ectoderm

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8
Q

What happens by the end of the first month?

A

Development of the brain into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

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9
Q

What happens by the end of the second month?

A

All brain flexures are evident and brain waves can be recorded

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10
Q

Derivatives of the ectoderm?

A
  • All nervous tissue
  • Epidermis of the skin and epidermal derivatives (eg hairs, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, nails)
  • Cornea and lens of the eye
  • Epithelium of the oral and nasal cavities, para nasal sinuses, anal canal
  • Tooth enamel
  • Adrenal medulla
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11
Q

Derivatives of endoderm?

A
  • Epithelium of the GI tract (except oral and anal cavities which are made by the ectoderm)
  • Glands arising from the digestive tract ( liver, pancreas)
  • Epithelium of the respiratory tract, auditory tube and tonsils
  • Thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands
  • Epithelium of the reproductive tracts and glands
  • Epithelium of the urethra and bladder
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12
Q

What is the first evidence of the mesodermal differentiation?

A

The appearance of the notochord

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13
Q

What is the notochord and what does it do?

A

It is in the mesoderm and runs from head to tail in the embryo. It stimulates the ectoderm to produce the nervous system, stimulates the formation of the vertebral column around it and it degenerates to form the nucleus pulposis

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14
Q

Where is the primitive streak?

A

It is in the ectoderm and is part of the process of gastrulation

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15
Q

What does the notochord degenerate to become?

A

The nucleus pulposis

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16
Q

What are the 3 aggregations of mesoderm is order medial to lateral moving out from the notochord?

A

Notochord in the middle then: Somites, intermediate mesoderm, lateral mesoderm

17
Q

What are the 3 functional parts of each somite?

A

sclerotome
dermatome
myotome

18
Q

What is the function of the sclerotomes?

A

Migrate medially, gather around the notochord and neural tube - as a result they produce the vertebra and rib at the associated level

19
Q

What is the function of the dermatomes?

A

The dermatome (skin) cells are found in the outer wall of each somite help form the dermis of the skin in the dorsal part of the body

20
Q

What is the function of the myotomes?

A

The myotome (muscle) cells develop in conjunction with the vertebra they form the skeletal muscles of the neck, body trunk and via their limb buds, the muscles of the limbs

21
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm form?

A

Gonads and kidneys

22
Q

What are the parts of the lateral mesoderm and What does the lateral mesoderm form?

A

Somatic mesoderm:

  • skin of ventral part of the body
  • forms the parietal serosa that lines the ventral body cavity
  • migrate into the developing limbs and produce bone, ligaments and dermis of the limbs

Splanchnic mesoderm:

  • provides the mesenchymal cells that form the heart and blood vessels
  • provides the mesenchymal cells that form most of the connective tissues in the body
  • they form the smooth muscle, connective tissues and serosal coverings of the digestive and respiratory organs
23
Q

What are primary curves in the spine?

A

Thoracic and sacral

24
Q

What are secondary curves in the spine and when does each start?

A

Cervical - when the baby lifts its head

Lumbar - when the baby starts to walk

25
Q

Which appears first out of the limb buds?

A

The upper limbs

26
Q

Derivatives of splanchnic mesoderm

A
  • Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
  • Cartilage, bone and other connective tissue
  • Blood, bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
  • Endothelium of blood vessels and lymphatics
  • Serosae of the ventral body cavity
  • Synovial membranes of joint cavities
  • Organs of the urogenital system ( ureters, kidneys, gonads and reproductive ducts)
27
Q

In limb development what is the order? (not important)

A

Bone
Blood vessels
Muscles
Connective tissue

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY (21 decks)

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