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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY > Pancreas Week 1 FINISHED > Flashcards

Pancreas Week 1 FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What does -kreas mean in greek?

A

Flesh

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2
Q

What kind of gland is the pancreas?

A

An elongated accessory gland which is both an exocrine and endocrine gland

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3
Q

In which region of the stomach is the pancreas?

A

Epigastric and left hypochondriac regions

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4
Q

Is the pancreas peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

The pancreas has a tough fibrous capsule. True or false?

A

False. It does not have a distinct capsule, It has a thin collagen capsule.

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6
Q

What colour is the pancreas?

A

Greyish/pink in colour

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7
Q

Where is the pancreas in relation to the stomach, duodenum and spleen?

A

Posterior to the stomach, running between the spleen and the duodenum

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8
Q

Where do exocrine glands secrete their hormones?

A

Secretes hormones onto the surface of an organ through ducts

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9
Q

How do pancreatic juices enter the duodenum?

A

Through the main and accessory pancreatic ducts

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10
Q

What are acinar cells?

A

Clusters of cells in the pancreas that have an exocrine function

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11
Q

What does acini mean?

A

Grape

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12
Q

What do pancreatic juices do?

A

Include digestive enzymes and juices which neutralise the acidity of the stomach acid

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13
Q

Where do endocrine glands secrete their hormones?

A

Secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

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14
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon and insulin

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15
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

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16
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Helps regulate the metabolism of glucose

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17
Q

What cells inside the pancreas make insulin?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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18
Q

Is the pancreas mostly an exocrine gland or an endocrine gland?

A

Mostly exocrine

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19
Q

In a picture of stained pancreatic tissue, what is dark and what is light?

A

Dark are the exocrine gland cells

Light are the islets of Langerhans

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20
Q

What are the 4 regions of the pancreas?

A 
Head
Neck
Body
Tail
Uncinate
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21
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas located?

A

Within the duodenum, firmly attached to the medial aspect of the descending and horizontal parts

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22
Q

What other organs does the head of the pancreas rest on?

A

IVC
Right renal artery and vein
Left renal vein

23
Q

What might form a groove in the posterior/superior aspect of the head of the pancreas? (or maybe even within the substance of the pancreas)

A

The bile duct

24
Q

What is the bile duct?

A

A muscular duct through which bile passes from the liver and gall bladder to the duodenum

25
Q

What is the purpose of bile?

A

To help break down fat in the duodenum

26
Q

What is anterior to the pancreas?

A

The transverse colon and mesocolon and jejunum

27
Q

What is in the lower part of the head of the pancreas?

A

The uncinate process

28
Q

What does uncinate mean?

A

“Having hooks or barbs”

29
Q

What is the uncinate process crossed by anteriorly?

A

Superior mesenteric vessels

30
Q

How long is the pancreas?

A

15cm long

31
Q

How long is the neck of the pancreas?

A

1.5-2cm long

32
Q

What passes anteriorly and posteriorly along the border of the head and neck of the pancreas?

A

Anteriorly: Groove for gastroduodenal artery
Posteriorly: Posterior union between the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein forming the Portal vein

33
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein join to form the portal vein?

A

The splenic vein

34
Q

What surface of the pancreas is covered by peritoneum?

A

The anterior surface

35
Q

What is anterior to the whole neck of the pancreas?

A

The pylorus of the stomach

36
Q

What does the body of the pancreas cross over?

A

The aorta and L2

37
Q

Where does the pancreas lie in relation to the lesser peritoneal sac?

A

Posteriorly

38
Q

What is posterior to the body of the pancreas?

A

The aorta, superior mesentric artery, left supra renal gland, left kidney and vessels, left crus of the diaphragm and the splenic vein

39
Q

What is anterior to the body of the pancreas?

A

Covered with peritoneum, lies in the floor of the mental bursa

40
Q

What is posterior to the tail of the pancreas?

A

The left kidney

41
Q

Between the layers of what ligament does the tail of the pancreas pass?

A

The splenorenal ligament

42
Q

Where is the main pancreatic duct found and where does it run?

A

From the tail through to the head, in the posterior aspect of the pancreas

43
Q

What does the main pancreatic duct do when it reaches the neck of the pancreas?

A

It turns down, backward and to the right towards the bile duct

44
Q

What does the joining of the main pancreatic duct and the bile duct create?

A

The hepatopancreatic ampulla

45
Q

Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open into?

A

The descending part of the duodenum at the site go the major duodenal papilla

46
Q

Where is the Sphincter of the pancreatic duct found?

A

Around the terminal part of the pancreatic duct

47
Q

Where is the Sphincter of the bile duct found?

A

Around terminal part of the bile duct

48
Q

Where is the Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi) found?

A

Around the hepatopancreatic ampulla

49
Q

What are the sphincters around the ducts made of and what do they do?

A

Made of smooth muscle, they control the flow of bile and pancreatic juice

50
Q

What does the accessory pancreatic duct do and where is it found? What % of these ducts drain into the main pancreatic duct?

A

It drains the inferior part of the head of the pancreas and opens into the duodenum (minor duodenal papilla). In 60% of cases it can drain into the main pancreatic duct

51
Q

What is the arterial supply of the pancreas?

A

Mainly from branches of the splenic artery (up to 10 branches)

Branches from the gastroduodenal - anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Branches from the SMA - anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

52
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

A

The pancreatic vein which are tributaries of the splenic vein

53
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pancreas?

A 
PSNS = Vagus
SNS = Abdominopelvic splanchnic via prevertebral ganglion (celiac) T5-T9

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY (21 decks)

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