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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY > Pancreas Week 1 FINISHED > Flashcards

Pancreas Week 1 FINISHED Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What does -kreas mean in greek?

A

Flesh

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2
Q

What kind of gland is the pancreas?

A

An elongated accessory gland which is both an exocrine and endocrine gland

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3
Q

In which region of the stomach is the pancreas?

A

Epigastric and left hypochondriac regions

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4
Q

Is the pancreas peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

The pancreas has a tough fibrous capsule. True or false?

A

False. It does not have a distinct capsule, It has a thin collagen capsule.

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6
Q

What colour is the pancreas?

A

Greyish/pink in colour

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7
Q

Where is the pancreas in relation to the stomach, duodenum and spleen?

A

Posterior to the stomach, running between the spleen and the duodenum

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8
Q

Where do exocrine glands secrete their hormones?

A

Secretes hormones onto the surface of an organ through ducts

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9
Q

How do pancreatic juices enter the duodenum?

A

Through the main and accessory pancreatic ducts

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10
Q

What are acinar cells?

A

Clusters of cells in the pancreas that have an exocrine function

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11
Q

What does acini mean?

A

Grape

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12
Q

What do pancreatic juices do?

A

Include digestive enzymes and juices which neutralise the acidity of the stomach acid

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13
Q

Where do endocrine glands secrete their hormones?

A

Secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

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14
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon and insulin

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15
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

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16
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Helps regulate the metabolism of glucose

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17
Q

What cells inside the pancreas make insulin?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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18
Q

Is the pancreas mostly an exocrine gland or an endocrine gland?

A

Mostly exocrine

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19
Q

In a picture of stained pancreatic tissue, what is dark and what is light?

A

Dark are the exocrine gland cells

Light are the islets of Langerhans

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20
Q

What are the 4 regions of the pancreas?

A 
Head
Neck
Body
Tail
Uncinate
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21
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas located?

A

Within the duodenum, firmly attached to the medial aspect of the descending and horizontal parts

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22
Q

What other organs does the head of the pancreas rest on?

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A

IVC
Right renal artery and vein
Left renal vein

23
Q

What might form a groove in the posterior/superior aspect of the head of the pancreas? (or maybe even within the substance of the pancreas)

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A

The bile duct

24
Q

What is the bile duct?

Study These Flashcards
A

A muscular duct through which bile passes from the liver and gall bladder to the duodenum

25
What is the purpose of bile?
To help break down fat in the duodenum
26
What is anterior to the pancreas?
The transverse colon and mesocolon and jejunum
27
What is in the lower part of the head of the pancreas?
The uncinate process
28
What does uncinate mean?
"Having hooks or barbs"
29
What is the uncinate process crossed by anteriorly?
Superior mesenteric vessels
30
How long is the pancreas?
15cm long
31
How long is the neck of the pancreas?
1.5-2cm long
32
What passes anteriorly and posteriorly along the border of the head and neck of the pancreas?
Anteriorly: Groove for gastroduodenal artery Posteriorly: Posterior union between the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein forming the Portal vein
33
What does the superior mesenteric vein join to form the portal vein?
The splenic vein
34
What surface of the pancreas is covered by peritoneum?
The anterior surface
35
What is anterior to the whole neck of the pancreas?
The pylorus of the stomach
36
What does the body of the pancreas cross over?
The aorta and L2
37
Where does the pancreas lie in relation to the lesser peritoneal sac?
Posteriorly
38
What is posterior to the body of the pancreas?
The aorta, superior mesentric artery, left supra renal gland, left kidney and vessels, left crus of the diaphragm and the splenic vein
39
What is anterior to the body of the pancreas?
Covered with peritoneum, lies in the floor of the mental bursa
40
What is posterior to the tail of the pancreas?
The left kidney
41
Between the layers of what ligament does the tail of the pancreas pass?
The splenorenal ligament
42
Where is the main pancreatic duct found and where does it run?
From the tail through to the head, in the posterior aspect of the pancreas
43
What does the main pancreatic duct do when it reaches the neck of the pancreas?
It turns down, backward and to the right towards the bile duct
44
What does the joining of the main pancreatic duct and the bile duct create?
The hepatopancreatic ampulla
45
Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open into?
The descending part of the duodenum at the site go the major duodenal papilla
46
Where is the Sphincter of the pancreatic duct found?
Around the terminal part of the pancreatic duct
47
Where is the Sphincter of the bile duct found?
Around terminal part of the bile duct
48
Where is the Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi) found?
Around the hepatopancreatic ampulla
49
What are the sphincters around the ducts made of and what do they do?
Made of smooth muscle, they control the flow of bile and pancreatic juice
50
What does the accessory pancreatic duct do and where is it found? What % of these ducts drain into the main pancreatic duct?
It drains the inferior part of the head of the pancreas and opens into the duodenum (minor duodenal papilla). In 60% of cases it can drain into the main pancreatic duct
51
What is the arterial supply of the pancreas?
Mainly from branches of the splenic artery (up to 10 branches) Branches from the gastroduodenal - anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries Branches from the SMA - anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
52
What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?
The pancreatic vein which are tributaries of the splenic vein
53
What is the nerve supply to the pancreas?
``` PSNS = Vagus SNS = Abdominopelvic splanchnic via prevertebral ganglion (celiac) T5-T9 ```

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY (21 decks)

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