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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY > Pharynx Week 5 FINISHED > Flashcards

Pharynx Week 5 FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pharynx and where is it located?

A

Part of the digestive system posterior to the nasal cavities, oral cavity and larynx. It also has respiratory function

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2
Q

Where does the pharynx extend? What does it lie against posteriorly?

A

Extends from the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (anteriorly) and the inferior border of C6 posteriorly
Posteriorly it lies against the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia

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3
Q

What is the widest point of the pharynx and where is it?

A

The widest point ~ 5cm opposite the hyoid bone

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4
Q

What is the narrowest part of the pharynx and where is it?

A

Narrowest part ~1.5 cm at the inferior end of the pharynx where it is continuous with the oesophagus

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5
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx - posterior to the nasal cavity and superior to the soft palate

oropharynx - posterior to the mouth and the oral cavity

laryngopharynx - posterior to the larynx

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6
Q

What is the nasopharynx and what is the function of the nasopharynx?

A

Respiratory function

Posterior extension of the nasal cavities

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7
Q

What are the 2 openings from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx?

A

The nasal cavities open into the nasopharynx via the 2 choanae (paired openings)

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8
Q

What do the roof and the posterior surface of the nasopharynx form?

A

Roof and the posterior wall form a continuous surface that lie inferior to the body of the sphenoid and the basilar part of the occiput

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9
Q

What are the pharyngeal tonsils also known as?

A

Adenoids

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10
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids found?

A

Found in the roof and walls of the nasopharynx

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11
Q

Where are the tubal tonsils found?

A

Lymphoid tissue near the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube

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12
Q

What is the function of the oropharynx?

A

Digestive function

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13
Q

What is superior to the oropharynx?

A

The soft palate

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14
Q

What is inferior to the oropharynx?

A

Base of the tongue and epiglottis

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15
Q

What is lateral to the oropharynx?

A

Laterally palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

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16
Q

What are the palatine tonsils?

A

Lymphoid tissue found either side of the oropharynx

17
Q

What is the laringopharynx and where is it found?

A

Hypopharynx

  • Found between the superior border of the epiglottis
  • To the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage where it becomes continuous with the oesophagus
  • Posteriorly find the bodies of C4-6 vertebrae
18
Q

What forms the laryngopharynx laterally and posteriorly?

A

Posteriorly and laterally formed by the middle and inferior constrictor muscles

19
Q

What forms the internal surface of the laryngopharynx?

A

Internally the wall is formed by the palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus muscles

20
Q

How does the laryngopharynx communicate with the larynx?

A

Communicates with the larynx via the laryngeal inlet

21
Q

How many layers of muscle are in the wall of the pharynx?

A

2 layers

22
Q

What is the orientation of the layers of muscle in the pharynx?

A

Externally circular

Internally longitudinal

23
Q

How does the muscle orientation in the pharynx differ from other organs?

A

The pharynx has a muscle orientation external circular and internal longitudinal which is opposite to that of other organs e.g. the bladder

24
Q

How many external constrictor muscles does the pharynx have? Are they voluntary or involuntary?

A

3

Involuntary

25
Q

Describe the constrictor muscles in the pharynx. Where do they insert posteriorly?

A

3 curved sheets which lie on the posterior wall and sides of the pharynx.

Posteriorly they insert into the median fibrous raphe

26
Q

Where do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx descend from and where do they go to?

A

They descends from the pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the skull to blend in with the oesophagus

27
Q

What is the function of the pharyngeal muscles?

A

Contract sequentially superior to inferior

Propels food into the oesophagus

28
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pharyngeal muscles?

A

Nerve supply:

  • Pharyngeus plexus (Lies lateral wall of the pharynx mainly on the middle constrictor)
  • IX & X and sympathetic from the superior cervical ganglion
29
Q

Superior constrictor OIAN

A 
Origin:
Pterygoid hamulus (projection of the medial pterygoid plate)
Pterygomandibular raphe (raphe = seam) (strand of tendinous fibres from the pterygoid hamulus to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line)

Insertion: Median raphe of pharynx, pharyngeal tubercle on the basilar part of the occipital bone

Innervation:
Pharyngeal branch of vagus and pharyngeal plexus

Action:
Constricts the wall of the pharynx during swallowing

30
Q

Middle constrictor OIAN

A

Origin:
Stylohyoid ligament, horns of the hyoid bone

Insertion:
Median raphe of pharynx

Innervation:
Pharyngeal branch of vagus, pharyngeal plexus & branches of external & recurrent laryngeal nerves

Action:
Constricts the wall of the pharynx during swallowing

31
Q

Inferior constrictor OIAN

A

Origin:
Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, side of the cricoid cartilage

Insertion:
Median raphe of pharynx

Innervation:
Pharyngeal branch of vagus, pharyngeal plexus & branches of external & recurrent laryngeal nerves

Action:
Constricts the wall of the pharynx during swallowing

32
Q

What are the 3 internal pharyngeal muscles?

A

Palatopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

33
Q

Palatopharyngeus OIAN

A

Origin:
Hard palate, palatine aponeurosis

Insertion:
Lateral wall of the pharynx, thyroid cartilage, oesophagus

Innervation:
Pharyngeal branch of vagus, pharyngeal plexus

Action:
Tenses the soft palate, Elevates (shorten and widens the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking)

34
Q

Salpingopharyngeus OIAN

A

Origin:
Cartilaginous part of the auditory tube

Insertion:
Blends with palatopharyngeus

Innervation:
Pharyngeal branch of vagus, pharyngeal plexus

Action:
Elevates (shorten and widens the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking)

35
Q

Stylopharyngeus OIAN

A

Origin:
Styloid process

Insertion:
Thyroid cartilage with palatopharyngeus

Innervation:
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Action:
Elevates (shorten and widens the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking)

36
Q

What is the arterial supply of the pharynx?

A 
Facial artery  - tonsillar artery
The ascending (facial)  and descending (maxillary) palatine arteries
Lingual artery (external carotid)
Ascending pharyngeal artery (external carotid)

ALL BRANCHES OF THE EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

37
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?

A

External palatine vein —> internal jugular vein

38
Q

What is the nerve supply of the pharynx?

A

Motor and sensory mainly from the pharyngeal plexus of nerves

Motor- vagus to all the mm of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus (CN IX G/P)

Sensory CN IX and CN V (2)

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY (21 decks)

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