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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY > Ear Week 3 FINISHED > Flashcards

Ear Week 3 FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ear also known as?

A

The vestibulocochlear organ

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2
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the ear?

A

Hearing

Equilibrium and balance

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3
Q

What is the ear divided into

A

External
Middle
Inner

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4
Q

Where are the structures relating to hearing and equilibrium located? How does the sound get there?

A

In the inner ear. The sound gets here by being transferred from the external and middle ear.

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5
Q

What separates the middle and outer ear?

A

The tympanic membrane

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6
Q

What joins the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A

The pharygnotympanic tube

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7
Q

What are the 2 parts of the outer ear?

A

Auricle and external auditory meatus

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8
Q

What does the auricle do?

A

It aids in collecting sound

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9
Q

What does the external auditory meatus do?

A

Conducts the sound to the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

What does the auricle contain/what is it made of?

A

Mostly fibrocartilage covered in skin

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11
Q

What are the depressions in the auricle called?

A

The concha

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12
Q

What are the parts of the auricle? Explain each of the parts

A

The lobule - contains no cartilage, only fat, skin, connective tissue and vessels.
Tragus - projection of cartilage, anterior to EAM
Helix - outer curved fleshy ridge of the auricle
Scaphoid - boat shaped

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13
Q

What bone does the EAM lead through?

A

The temporal bone

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14
Q

How long is the EAM in adults?

A

2-3cm

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15
Q

Describe the lateral 1/3 of the EAM:

A

Lateral 1/3 is cartilage, lined with skin and is continuous with the auricle

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16
Q

Describe the medial 2/3 of the EAM:

A

The medial 2/3 is bone and lined with thin skin which is continuous with the tympanic membrane

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17
Q

What is the name for ear wax?

A

Cerumen

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18
Q

What is the function of cerumen?

A

Protects skin lining EAM
Water and insect repellant
Helps keep tympanic membrane pliable

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19
Q

Where is cerumen made?

A

Ceruminous glands in the subcutaneous tissues of the cartilaginous part of the EAM produce cerumen

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20
Q

What is the shape of the tympanic membrane?

A

Thin oval shaped, semitransparent membrane

1cm in diametre

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21
Q

What covers the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Very thin layer of skin

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22
Q

What cover the inside of the tympanic membrane?

A

Internally covered by the mucous membrane of the middle ear

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23
Q

How does the tympanic membrane transmit sound?

A

The tympanic membrane moves in response to air vibrations from the EAM

Movements are then transmitted through the ossicles to the inner ear

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24
Q

Where is the middle ear found?

A

In the petrous part of the temporal bone

25
Q

What does the middle ear include?

A

The tympanic cavity

The epitympanic recess

26
Q

What are the contents of the middle ear?

A

Ossicles: the malleus, incus, stapes.

Muscles: Stapedius and tensor tympani

Chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the Facial nerve (CN VII) (provides taste fibres to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, parasym to sublingual and submandibular glands

Tympanic plexus of nerves (formed by Facial and Glossopharyngeal nerves)

27
Q

What do the ossicles do?

A

They form a chain across the tympanic cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window (which is the entrance to the middle ear)

28
Q

What are the ossicles covered with?

A

Mucous membrane but not periosteum

29
Q

Where does the tensor tympani arise?

A

Cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
Petrous part of the temporal bone

30
Q

Where does tensor tympani insert?

A

Malleus

31
Q

What is the function of tensor tympani and what is its nerve supply?

A

Dampens movements of the ossicles and tympanic membrane

Supplied by Mandibular nerve CN V (3)

32
Q

What is the claim to fame of the stapedius muscle?

A

Smallest voluntary striated muscle in the body

33
Q

Where does the stapedius arise?

A

Posterior wall tympanic cavity (temporal bone)

Stapes

34
Q

What is the function of the stapedius and what is its nerve supply?

A

Prevents excessive movement of the stapes

Supplied by Facial nerve CN VII (nerve to stapedius)

35
Q

What is the pharygnotympanic tube also known as?

A

The auditory tube or the eustachian tube

36
Q

Which part of the eustachian tube is bone>

A

Lateral/ posterior 1/3

37
Q

What is the eustachian tube made of excluding the bony part?

A

Cartilage

38
Q

What is the eustachian tube lined with?

A

A mucous membrane, which is continuous with the tympanic cavity and nasopharynx

39
Q

What is the function of the eustachian tube?

A

Equalises pressure in the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure

40
Q

When is the eustachian tube usually closed?

A

All the time except when eating, yawning, chewing, swallowing etc

41
Q

What opens the eustachian tube?

A

Levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini (muscles of the soft palate)

42
Q

What is the mastoid antrum?

A

An air filled extension of the middle ear. It is a cavity in the mastoid process of the temporal bone

43
Q

What is in the floor of the mastoid antrum?

A

Has several apertures where it is continuous with the mastoid air cells

44
Q

What lines the mastoid antrum and why is it clinically significant?

A

A mucous membrane which is continuous with the lining of the middle ear

45
Q

What does the inner ear contain?

A

The vestibulocochlear organs

46
Q

What part of the inner ear/temporal bone are the vestibulocochlear organs found?

A

Found in the petrous part of the temporal bone

47
Q

What is the bony labyrinth?

A

A complex system of communicating cavities

48
Q

What is suspended within the bony labyrinth?

A

The membranous labyrinth

49
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth suspended within?

A

A fluid called the perilymph

50
Q

What does the membranous labyrinth contain?

A

Endolymph

51
Q

What are the fluids in the inner ear responsible for?

A

Involved in carrying sound wave to the end organs for hearing and balance

52
Q

What are the 3 parts of the labyrinth?

A

A cave composed of 3 parts:
Cochlea
Vestibule (saccule & utricle)
Semicircular canals

53
Q

What is the cochlear?

A

Latin for small snail

Concerned with the reception of sound

54
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Small oval chamber
Contains the saccule and utricle
Features the oval window on the lateral wall
Part of the balancing apparatus

55
Q

What are the semicircular canals?

A

3 fluid filled bony loops

Part of the balance system

56
Q

What is the internal auditory meatus? How long is it and where is it located?

A

A narrow canal, about one centimetre long and is contained within the petrous part of the temporal bone.

57
Q

What is the IAM closed laterally by? What is it closed off from?

A

It is closed off from the internal ear by a thin perforated plate of bone

58
Q

What passes through the bony plate that separates the IAM from the internal ear?

A

The facial nerve, the vestibulocochlear nerve and some blood vessels.

59
Q

What happens to the vestibulocochlear nerve at the lateral end of the internal auditory meatus?

A

It divides into its 2 components to supply the various parts of the ear.

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY (21 decks)

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