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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY > Oral Region Week 4 FINISHED > Flashcards

Oral Region Week 4 FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the oral region?

A

Ingestion of food

Preparation for digestion (which occurs in the stomach and small intestine)

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2
Q

What is deglutination? Is it voluntary or involuntary?

A

Deglutition = swallowing is initiated in the oral cavity

It is voluntary

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3
Q

What happens once the bolus has been pushed in the pharynx?

A

Enters the automatic phase of swallowing

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4
Q

What is mastication?

A

Chewing

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the oral cavity? Describe them what they do.

A

Oral vestibule:

  • slit like space between the teeth and the gums and the lips and cheeks
  • communicates with the exterior through the mouth

Oral cavity proper - (space between the upper and lower dental arches)

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A

Anteriorly and laterally - maxillae and mandible & teeth
Roof - palate
Posteriorly - communicates with oropharynx

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7
Q

What occupies the oral cavity when the teeth are closed?

A

The tongue

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8
Q

What muscles are found in the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris mm

Superior and inferior labial mm

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9
Q

What is on the external surface of the lips?

A

Skin

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10
Q

What is on the internal surface of the lips?

A

Mucus membrane

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11
Q

What is the function of the lips?

A
  • grasp food
  • sucking liquids
  • clearing food from the labial vestibule
  • speech
  • osculation (kissing)
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12
Q

What does labial mean?

A

Lips

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13
Q

What separates the lips from the cheeks?

A

Nasolabial grooves

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14
Q

Where is the upper lip?

A

Between the nose and the orrifice of the oral cavity

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15
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

Infranasal depression

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16
Q

Where is the lower lip?

A

The region between the mouth and the labiodental groove

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17
Q

What s the labial frenula?

A

The free edges of the mucus membranes internally (both superiorly and inferiorly) (when you pull your lips down and you can see a thing in the middle top and bottom)

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18
Q

Where are the lips continuous?

A

At the angle/edges of the mouth

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19
Q

Arterial supply for the lips?

A

Superior and inferior labial arteries, these mostly branches of the facial artery

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20
Q

Nerve supply of the lips?

A

Upper lip: Labial branches of the Infraorbital nerves (CNV (2))
Lower lip: Mental nerves (CNV (3))

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21
Q

What are the cheeks?

A

Lateral movable walls of the oral cavity

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22
Q

What is the principle muscle of the cheeks?

A

Buccinator

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23
Q

What is superior to buccinator in the cheeks?

A

Superficial to buccinator find an encapsulated collection of fat called the buccal fat pad

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24
Q

What is the function of the cheeks?

A

Act along with the lips to help push food into the oral / mouth proper

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25
Q

What is the arterial supply of the cheeks?

A

Buccal branches of the maxillary artery

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26
Q

What is the nerve supply of the cheeks?

A

Buccal branches of the mandibular nerve

27
Q

What does gingivae mean?

A

Gums

28
Q

What is the gingiva?

A

Fibrous connective tissue surrounded by mucous membrane

29
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

Gingivitis = inflammation of the gums

30
Q

What are teeth?

A

Hard conical structures set in the alveoli of the upper and lower jaws

31
Q

What is the function of teeth?

A

Function

- mastication
- articulation
32
Q

How many teeth to children have? What about adults?

A

Children - 20

Adults - 32

33
Q

What is the palate? What does it do?

A

Arched roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavities. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities and the nasopharynx.

34
Q

What ar the 2 regions of the palate?

A

The hard palate and the soft palate

35
Q

What is the palate covered by?

A

Mucosa

36
Q

What is the Superior surface of the palate covered with?

A
  • superiorly (nasal surface) with respiratory mucosa
37
Q

What is the inferior surface of the palate covered with?

A
  • inferiorly (oral surface) oral mucosa
38
Q

What ar the mucous secreting glands in the palate and where are they found?

A

They are called the palatine glands and are found within the palatine mucosa

39
Q

What shape is the hard palate?

A

Concave

40
Q

How much of the palate does the hard palate form?

A

The anterior 2/3

41
Q

What bones make up the hard palate?

A

The palatine processes of the maxilla

The horizontal plates of the palatine bone

42
Q

How much of the palate is made up of soft palate?

A

The posterior 1/3

43
Q

In which direction does the soft palate extend and what does it extend from?

A

Suspends posteriorly from the hard palate and extends posteriorly / inferiorly as a curved free margin from the free margin you can find the uvula

44
Q

What is anteriorly on the soft palate?

A

A membranous “aponeurotic palate”

45
Q

What is posteriorly on the soft palate?

A

“muscular palate” (fibromuscular)

46
Q

What is the function of the soft palate?

A

Function - initially during swallowing the palate tenses, the tongue can then press against it, squeezing the bolus of food posteriorly in the mouth

It is then elevated posteriorly and superiorly, this prevents food from passing up into the nasopharynx

47
Q

What is the soft palate continuous with laterally and by which structures?

A

The palate is continuous with the tongue and the pharynx by the palatoglossal arch & palatopharyngeal arch

48
Q

What does fauces mean?

A

Throat

49
Q

Where is the throat?

A

Between the mouth and the pharynx

50
Q

What is superiorly in the throat?

A

The soft palate

51
Q

What is Inferiorly in the throat?

A

The roof of the tongue

52
Q

What is laterally to the throat?

A

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

53
Q

Where are the tonsils found?

A

Are found between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches in the region called the oropharynx

54
Q

What are the tonsils?

A

Mostly lymphoid tissue (contains lymphocytes which are a type of WBC, help destroy foreign matter)

55
Q

How many muscles arise from the base of the cranium to the soft palate?

A

5

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae
56
Q

Tensor veli palatini: OIA

A

Superior attachment - medial pterygoid plate, spine of the sphenoid, cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube

Inferior attachment - palatine aponeurosis

Action - tenses the soft palate, opens tube auditory tube swallowing and yawning

57
Q

Levator veli palatini: OIA

A

Superior attachment - cartilage of auditory tube, petrous temporal bone

Inferior attachment - palatine aponeurosis

Action - elevates soft palate during swallowing and yawning

58
Q

Palatoglossus: OIA

A

Superior attachment - palatine aponeurosis

Inferior attachment - side of the tongue

Action - elevates (forms arch) the posterior tongue and draws SP onto tongue

59
Q

Palatopharyngeus: OIA

A

Superior attachment - hard palate and palatine aponeurosis

Inferior attachment - lateral wall of the pharynx

Actions - tenses the SP, pulls the pharynx superior, anterior and medial during swallowing

60
Q

Musculus Uvulae: OIA

A

Superior attachment - posterior nasal spine, palatine aponeurosis

Inferior attachment - mucosa of the uvula

Action - shortens uvula pulls it superiorly

61
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles that attach to the soft palate? What is the exception and what supplies it?

A

All mm by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus

Except - tensor veli palatini, CN V (3)

62
Q

What is the arterial supply of the palate?

A

Greater palatine artery - branch of the descending palatine artery (maxillary artery) (passes through the greater palatine foramen)

Lesser palatine artery- branch of the descending palatine artery (maxillary artery) (passes through the lesser palatine foramen) (anastomoses with the ascending palatine artery, branch of the facial artery)

63
Q

What is the nerve supply to the palate?

A

Sensory branches - Maxillary nerve CN V(2)
Includes a lesser and greater palatine nerve which pass through corresponding foramen (lesser palatine foramen & greater palatine foramen within the palatine bone )

Tensor veli palatini - motor CN V (3)

Other soft palate mm (pharyngeal plexus), vagus nerve

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2 ANATOMY (21 decks)

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