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A&P 3.2 > Stomach Histology > Flashcards

Stomach Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four layers of the gastric wall?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

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2
Q

The mucosa is made from _______ ______ _______ that live _____ days and are then replaced

A

simple columnar epithelium

3-6 days

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3
Q

What prevents acid penetration between the epithelial cells in the mucosa?

A

Tight junctions

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4
Q

What are gastric pits?

A

Holes in the gastric mucosa, are the entrance to the gastric glands

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5
Q

Each gastric pit open into ____ (number) of _____ glands

A

2-3

gastric glands

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6
Q

What epithelium lines a gastric gland?

A

Simple columnar

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7
Q

Gastric glands extend through the ______ _______ (a layer of the submucosa).

A

Lamina propria

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8
Q

What 4 types of cells are present in a gastric gland?

A

Chief cells
Parietal cells
Mucus cells
G-Cells

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9
Q

Why are chief cells named as such? Where are they found?

A

Named because they are the most numerous cells in the gastric gland
Found mostly in lower half of the gastric glands

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10
Q

As an infant, what does a chief cell secrete?q

A

Gastric lipase

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11
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

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12
Q

What does pepsinogen change to? What does it do?

A

Changes into pepsin, which digests proteins

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13
Q

Where does protein digestion begin? Carbohydrate digestion?

A

Protein- Stomach

Carbohydrate- Mouth

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14
Q

What does it mean that pepsinogen is autocatalytic?

A

Pepsin turns to pepsinogen with ambient HCl

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15
Q

Where are parietal cells found?

A

Mostly in the upper half of gastric glands

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16
Q

What 2 things are secreted by parietal cells?

A

HCl

Intrinsic factor

17
Q

What does HCl do in the body?

A

Changes Fe3+ to Fe2+ (so we can absorb it)
Denatures proteins, (changes shape of protein, helps to digest)
Changes pepsinogen into pepsin
Kills microbes

18
Q

What is intrinsic factor?

A

A glycoprotein

19
Q

What does intrinsic factor do?

A

Must have present for absorption of vitamin B12

20
Q

Why is vitamin B12 important?

A

Vitamin B12 is used to make hemoglobin

21
Q

What conditions occurs without intrinsic factor?

A

Pernicious anemia (inability to create Hb)

22
Q

Where does the body get HCl?

A

H+ from bicarb storage joins Cl from the chloride shift

23
Q

What is the specific name of the mucus cells? Why are named as such?

A

Mucus neck cells

Because mainly in the neck of mucus gland

24
Q

What do mucus neck cells do?

A

Protect the stomach walls

25
Q

What is a G-Cell also called? Where is it found?

A

Gastrin

Always found at the end of the gastric gland

26
Q

What forms gastrin?

A

Formed by enteroendocrine cells

27
Q

What do G-cells do?

A

1- ↑ HCl from parietal cells
2- ↑ pepsinogen from chief cells
3- Contracts lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to protect esophagus from ↑ acid
4- ↑ motility of stomach- to start digestion
5- Relaxes pyloric sphincter

28
Q

What is in the submucosa? What isn’t in it?

A

Just CT and blood vessels

No glands- they’re in the mucosa here

29
Q

What is the purpose of the muscularis layer?

A

Mechanical digestion

30
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis?

A

Inner oblique- Mostly in the body of the stomach
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

31
Q

How does the muscularis move?

A

Peristaltic movements here every 15-20 seconds, no segmentation; just mixing of chyme

32
Q

The muscularis pushes chyme towards the _______.

A

Pylorus

33
Q

What are the two serous membranes of the stomach? What do they connect?

A

Lesser omentum- Connects lesser curvature of stomach to the liver
Greater omentum- Greater curvature, down and back on itself, to the transverse colon

34
Q

How much gastric juice do we make?

What it is made from?

A

Make 2-3 L/day

Mainly water, HCl, and pepsin

35
Q

What 3 things protect us from gastric juice?

A

1- Mucus in stomach
2- Tight junctions
3- Epithelial cell replacement

A&P 3.2 (21 decks)

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