Digestion and Carb Digestion

Question 1

What is hydrolosis, chemically speaking?

Answer 1

A chemical reaction that breaks a covalent bond in a molecule by adding on an -OH group to one side and an -H bond to the other side, thus consuming an H2O molecule.

Question 2

Digestion of food molecules occurs by ________

Answer 2

hydrolysis

Question 3

Polymers are broken down into _________.

Answer 3

monomers

Question 4

Disaccharide + H2O → ___________

Answer 4

monosaccharides

Question 5

Peptide + H2O → _______ _______

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

__________+ __H2O → fatty acids + monoglyceride

Answer 6

Triglycerides

3

Question 7

__% of dietary starch is digested before it reaches the small intestine.

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

Generally, what to polysaccharides turn into? What are they called it the intermediate steps?

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Oligo/tri/di - saccharides

Question 9

What is an oligosaccharide?

Answer 9

A chain of 3-8 glucose molecules

Question 10

In what percentages are the monosaccharides absorbed?

Answer 10

glucose (80%), galactose (20%), and trace fructose

Question 11

What are the disaccharides?

Answer 11

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 12

What is SGLT?

Answer 12

Sodium glucose transporters (glucose is transported with Na+)

Question 13

What is solvent drag?

Answer 13

As it travels through the epithelium, water carries with it a variety of dissolved solutes

Question 14

Where does carbohydrate digestion and absorbtion occure?

Answer 14

Begins: Oral Cavity
Ends: Duodenum

Question 15

What happens to salivary amylase in the stomach? Why?

Answer 15

It’s denatured by the low pH

Question 16

WHat digests denatured salivary amylase?

Answer 16

Pepsin

Question 17

When you swallow a bolus of food, it’s not a sphere, but little clumps, and the salivary amylase works inside the bolus until stomach acid penetrates it. T/F

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Pepsin degrades proteins into _____

Answer 18

Amino acids

Question 19

What does an endopeptidase do?

Answer 19

Cleave proteins into smaller peptides

Question 20

What are the two endopeptidases?

Answer 20

trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 21

What does an exopeptidase do?

Answer 21

split one AA off from ends

Question 22

What are the exopeptidases?

Answer 22

carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase

Question 23

What can only split dipeptide in the middle to release the 2 AAs from each other?

Answer 23

Dipeptidase

Question 24

Protein digestion starts in the stomach with ______.

Answer 24

Pepsin

Question 25

______ releases short-chain polypeptides and some AAs

Answer 25

Pepsin

Question 26

Where is pepsin denatured?

Answer 26

In the small intestine

Question 27

What are the 3 sources of AAs?

Answer 27

1- Dietary
2- Digestive enzymes
3- Rubbed off digested epithelial cells → digested into AAs

Question 28

Where does most protein digestion take place?

Answer 28

Stomach and duodenum

Question 29

Enterocytes have several __ dependent AA co-transporters to bring in AAs

Answer 29

Na+

Question 30

How do AAs enter the enterocyte?

Answer 30

By fascilitated diffusion

Question 31

How do babies get IgA?

Answer 31

Infants can absorb whole proteins by pinocytosis by enterocytes