Kidney Anatomy Flashcards
What artery supplies the kidney? It receives __% of cardiac output?
Renal artery 21%
The renal artery feeds the _______ arteries in the renal sinus
segmental arteries
The segmental arteries feed the ______ arteries in the renal _______.
Interlobar arteries
Renal columns
Interlobar arteries feed the ________ arteries at the base of the pyramid, or the _______-_______ junction.
arcuate arteries
cortico-medullary junction
Arcuate arteries supply _______ _______ ______and then blood enters the _______ ________ on the way to the ______ _______
Cortical radiant arteries
afferent arteries
renal corpuscle
From the afferent arteriole, blood go to the _________.
Glomerulus
Blood exits the glomerulus through an ________ ______.
Efferent arteriole
From the efferent arteriole blood goes to the _________ _______ or _______ _______
Peritubular capillaries (around PCT and DCT) vasa recta (capillaries/vessels around loop of Henle)
From the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta, blood go to the ______ _______ veins and onto the ______ veins.
Cortical radiate veins
Arcuate veins
From the arcuate veins, how does blood return to the heart?
Interlobular veins
Renal vein
IVC to heart
How is the kidney innervated?
Mostly sympathetic fibers from the superior mesenteric ganglion
What are the two types of nephrons? What is their % distribution?
Cortical nephron- 85%
Juxtamedullary nephron -15%
Describe the cortical nephron
Short loop of Henle, barely in the pyramid Renal corpuscle is closer to kidney surface
Describe the juxtomedullary nephron
Long loop of Henle Goes down a lot further in the pyramid
What does the juxtomedullary nephron do? How does it do this?
Concentrate urine
Long loop of Henle
The ______ ______ narrows down to form the ureter.
Renal pelvis
The ureter is ______ long and is lined with _____ epithelium.
10-12”
Transitional epithelium
Describe the muscularis of the ureter
Inner longitudinal and outer circular In the distal ⅓- Another outer longitudinal layer
How is urine moved down the ureter?
Peristaltic waves
What can form in the ureter/bladder that causes great pain?
Kidney stones- a hard granule of calcium phosphate
What is the hollow, muscular, collapsible organ or the urinary system?
Bladder
What is the muscularis of the bladder? How many layers?
Detrusor muscle
3 layers
What is a smooth muscle triangular area between the ureters and opening?
Trigone
What allows the bladder to expand and shrink in size? What is the normal capacity of the bladder?
Rugae
700-800mL
How do we know to urinate?
At 200 mL stretch receptors fire
What condition follows from a lack of ADH? What happens?
Diabetes insipitus, lots of dilute urine
Where does the urethra go?
From the floor of the bladder to the exterior
What epithelium lines the urethra?
Some transitional epithelium changes to stratified squamous
What are the 2 sphincters in the urethra? What kind of muscle?
Internal urethral sphincter, smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter, skeletal muscle
What is the normal daily volume of urine? If I want to pee more what kind of drug do I take?
1-2L
Diuretic
What do RBCs, WBCs, and glucose in the urine indicate?
RBCs- Indicate pathological condition
WBCs- Indicate infection
Glucose- Indicates diabetes mellitus
