Kidney Anatomy

Question 1

What artery supplies the kidney? It receives __% of cardiac output?

Answer 1

Renal artery 21%

Question 2

The renal artery feeds the _______ arteries in the renal sinus

Answer 2

segmental arteries

Question 3

The segmental arteries feed the ______ arteries in the renal _______.

Answer 3

Interlobar arteries

Renal columns

Question 4

Interlobar arteries feed the ________ arteries at the base of the pyramid, or the _______-_______ junction.

Answer 4

arcuate arteries

cortico-medullary junction

Question 5

Arcuate arteries supply _______ _______ ______and then blood enters the _______ ________ on the way to the ______ _______

Answer 5

Cortical radiant arteries

afferent arteries

renal corpuscle

Question 6

From the afferent arteriole, blood go to the _________.

Answer 6

Glomerulus

Question 7

Blood exits the glomerulus through an ________ ______.

Answer 7

Efferent arteriole

Question 8

From the efferent arteriole blood goes to the _________ _______ or _______ _______

Answer 8

Peritubular capillaries (around PCT and DCT) vasa recta (capillaries/vessels around loop of Henle)

Question 9

From the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta, blood go to the ______ _______ veins and onto the ______ veins.

Answer 9

Cortical radiate veins

Arcuate veins

Question 10

From the arcuate veins, how does blood return to the heart?

Answer 10

Interlobular veins

Renal vein

IVC to heart

Question 11

How is the kidney innervated?

Answer 11

Mostly sympathetic fibers from the superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 12

What are the two types of nephrons? What is their % distribution?

Answer 12

Cortical nephron- 85%

Juxtamedullary nephron -15%

Question 13

Describe the cortical nephron

Answer 13

Short loop of Henle, barely in the pyramid Renal corpuscle is closer to kidney surface

Question 14

Describe the juxtomedullary nephron

Answer 14

Long loop of Henle Goes down a lot further in the pyramid

Question 15

What does the juxtomedullary nephron do? How does it do this?

Answer 15

Concentrate urine

Long loop of Henle

Question 16

The ______ ______ narrows down to form the ureter.

Answer 16

Renal pelvis

Question 17

The ureter is ______ long and is lined with _____ epithelium.

Answer 17

10-12”

Transitional epithelium

Question 18

Describe the muscularis of the ureter

Answer 18

Inner longitudinal and outer circular In the distal ⅓- Another outer longitudinal layer

Question 19

How is urine moved down the ureter?

Answer 19

Peristaltic waves

Question 20

What can form in the ureter/bladder that causes great pain?

Answer 20

Kidney stones- a hard granule of calcium phosphate

Question 21

What is the hollow, muscular, collapsible organ or the urinary system?

Answer 21

Bladder

Question 22

What is the muscularis of the bladder? How many layers?

Answer 22

Detrusor muscle

3 layers

Question 23

What is a smooth muscle triangular area between the ureters and opening?

Answer 23

Trigone

Question 24

What allows the bladder to expand and shrink in size? What is the normal capacity of the bladder?

Answer 24

Rugae

700-800mL

Question 25

How do we know to urinate?

Answer 25

At 200 mL stretch receptors fire

Question 26

What condition follows from a lack of ADH? What happens?

Answer 26

Diabetes insipitus, lots of dilute urine

Question 27

Where does the urethra go?

Answer 27

From the floor of the bladder to the exterior

Question 28

What epithelium lines the urethra?

Answer 28

Some transitional epithelium changes to stratified squamous

Question 29

What are the 2 sphincters in the urethra? What kind of muscle?

Answer 29

Internal urethral sphincter, smooth muscle

External urethral sphincter, skeletal muscle

Question 30

What is the normal daily volume of urine? If I want to pee more what kind of drug do I take?

Answer 30

1-2L

Diuretic

Question 31

What do RBCs, WBCs, and glucose in the urine indicate?

Answer 31

RBCs- Indicate pathological condition

WBCs- Indicate infection

Glucose- Indicates diabetes mellitus