Female Repro Flashcards
In general, what organs are in the female reproductive system?
2 ovaries, 2 fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, mammary glands
The ovary is the female _______ producing both eggs and ________.
Gonad
Hormone
Where are the ovaries? How big are they?
A paired organ, one on each side, the size of an almond, in pelvic cavity
Lie on either side of the uterus
What is the capsule of the ovary?
tenia albuginea
What three ligaments hold the ovary in place?
Broad ligament
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
What does the broad ligament of the ovary do?
What is it?
Peritoneal “fold” that covers the uterus
Supports the fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and ovary
What do the ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament do?
Ovarian ligament- Anchors each ovary medially to the uterus
Suspensory ligament- Anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall, vasculature travels thru it
The ovary is indistinctly divided into the ________ where eggs develop, and a superficial area, the ______ occupied by arteries and veins
Cortex
Medulla
How is the ovary supplied with blood?
Ovarian artery comes off abd. aorta and comes through suspensory ligament
Anastomosis with uterine artery, which comes from the internal iliac
Each egg develops in its own fluid-filled bubble-like ______. The follicle bursts open to release the ____ after the egg is finished developing.
follicle
egg
What is egg production called?
Oogenesis
When the ________ ______ (______ _____) enlarges, oocyte “sits” on a stalk on granular cells in an antrum (fluid-filled cavity), forms a bulge at the surface of ovary, and then ______ occurs.
Tertiary follicle- (Graafian follicle)
ovulation
If the egg is fertilized, meiosis II is completed and we now have a _______.
zygote
Corpus luteum is a “_______” body and corpus ________ is a “white” body.
Yellow
Albicans
How does the corpus lutea develop?
When the follicle ruptures, the egg goes out and the follicle collapses upon itself
This collapsed follicle develops into the corpus lutea
What hormone stimulates the development of the corpus lutea?
LH
What hormones does the corpus lutea secrete? What do they do?
progesterone and some estrogen, which prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy
If pregnancy occurs, the _____ will take over production of progesterone and estrogen from the corpus lutea
placenta
How is the corpus albicans formed?
Corpus luteum degenerates into an inactive bit of scar tissue, which is the corpus albicans
At what times does the corpus albicans form?
If pregnant- after 17 weeks the placenta takes over, get corpus albicans
If not pregnant- 8 days after ovulation, corpus luteum becomes the corpus albicans
Where is the fallopian tube? How long is it?
Locates at superior margin of the broad ligament
10 cm long tubes open into the uterus
Near the ovary, it opens into the peritoneal cavity
What are the 4 components of the fallopian tube?
Isthmus → Ampulla → Infundibulum → Fimbriae
On the fallopian tube, the ______ is a narrow section that enlarges as the ______. The infundibulum flares like a trumpet, ending in the finger-like projections called _______ to “catch” eggs.
Isthmus
Ampulla
infundibulum
fimbriae
What two kinds of cells are in the mucosa of the fallopian tube? What do they do?
1- ciliated columnar to advance egg
2- non-ciliated columnar to nourish the egg
What two layers make up the muscularis? What is the outermost layer of the fallopian tube called?
Muscularis- inner circular, outer longitudinal
Serosa
Where does fertilization usually occur?
In the ampulla of the fallopian tube
Describe the uterus. Simply, what does it do?
A hollow, muscular organ, 3 in long, 2 in wide, comparable to a pear
Houses and nourishes the developing embryo and fetus
Tilts over the urinary bladder
What are the three parts of the uterus?
1- Fundus- Superior, rounded portion
2- Body- Main portion, most of the uterus is the body
3- Cervix- Inferior, narrow portion. Projects into the vagina inferiorly
What are the three histo layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What is the perimetrium?
Outermost serous layer
What is the myometrium?
Bulk of the uterine wall
Bundles of smooth muscle sweep down from the fundus
Spiral around the uterus
What part of the uterus does oxytocin target?
Myometrium
Generally, what is endometrium?
Is the inner/mucosa layer of the uterus
Simple columnar epithelium, a thick lamina propria, numerous uterine glands
What are the layers of endometrium?
Stratum functionalis
Stratum basalis
What is the stratum functionalis?
Layer closest to the uterine cavity
Shed during menstruation
Site of attachment of embryo
This stratum is the ⅔ of the endometrium that is shed every month
What is the stratum basalis?
The deep layer of endometrium
This layer is permanent
Unresponsive to ovarian hormones
