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Gastrointestinal System > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Digestion
Disinfection
Mechanically disrupt food
Short term food storage

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2
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of GI hormones?

A

Gastrin family

Secretin family

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3
Q

What hormones are in the gastrin family?

A

Gastrin

Cholecystokinin

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4
Q

Where is gastrin released from?

A

G cells in antrum of stomach

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5
Q

What is the role of gastrin?

A

Increases gastric acid secretion

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6
Q

Where is CCK released from?

A

I cells in duodenum + jejunum

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7
Q

What is the role of CCK?

A

Increases pancreatic/gallbladder secretions

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8
Q

What hormones are in the secretin family?

A

Secretin

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

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9
Q

Where is secretin released from?

A

S cells in the duodenum

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10
Q

What stimulates CCK release?

A

Fat + protein

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11
Q

What stimulates secretin release?

A

H+

Fatty acids

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12
Q

What is the role of secretin?

A

Increases HCO3 from pancreas/gallbladder

Decreases gastric acid secretion

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13
Q

Where is GIP released from?

A

Cells in duodenum + jejunum

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14
Q

What stimulates GIP release?

A

Sugars
Amino acids
Fatty acids

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15
Q

What is the role of GIP?

A

Increases insulin

Decreases gastric acid secretion

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16
Q

What are the main parts of the stomach?

A 
Cardia 
Fundus 
Body 
Antrum 
Greater curvature
Lesser curvature
Pyloris
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17
Q

What is the cardia?

A

Where the food enters stomach from oesophagus

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18
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Superior aspect of the stomach

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19
Q

What is the body?

A

Main part of the stomach - contains rugae

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20
Q

What are the purpose of rugae?

A

Folds that expand and increase stomach volume

21
Q

What is the greater curvature?

A

Long edge of the stomach - lateral

22
Q

What is the lesser curvature?

A

Short edge of the stomach - medial

23
Q

What is the angularis?

A

Junction between body and antrum - starts at bottom of lesser curve

24
Q

What cells are in the gastric pits?

A 
Epithelial cells 
Mucous cells 
Parietal cells 
Chief cells 
G cells 
D cells 
Enterochromaffin like cells
25
Q

What provides arterial supply to the stomach?

A

Coeliac trunk

26
Q

What is the venous drainage from the stomach?

A

Portal vein

27
Q

What does the stomach secrete?

A

HCL
Intrinsic factor
Mucus/HCO3-
Pepsinogen

28
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCL

Intrinsic factor

29
Q

What do G cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

30
Q

What to ECL cells secrete?

A

Histamine

31
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

32
Q

What do D cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

33
Q

What do mucous cells secrete?

A

Mucous

34
Q

Where in the stomach are parietal cells found?

A

Body

35
Q

Where in the stomach are chief cells found?

A

Body

36
Q

Where in the stomach are G cells found?

A

Antrum

37
Q

Where in the stomach are mucous cells found?

A

Antrum

38
Q

What are parietal cells stimulated by?

A

Gastrin
Histamine
ACh

39
Q

How is HCL production stimulated?

A

Vagus nerve -> release ACh -> acts on parietal cells

ECL cells -> releases histamine -> acts on H2 receptors on parietal cells

Gastrin released by G cells -> acts on CCK receptor on parietal cells

40
Q

How is HCL production inhibited?

A

Food leaves stomach -> drop in pH -> D cells release somatostatin -> inhibits G cells

Stomach distension decrease -> drop in vagal activity

PPIs

H2 receptor antagonists

41
Q

What are G cells stimulated by?

A

Peptides in stomach

Vagal activity

42
Q

What inhibits G cells?

A

Somatostatin

43
Q

What are the phases of digestion?

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

44
Q

What stimulates the cephalic stage of digestion?

A

Parasympathetic stimuli

  • smelling/tasting
  • vagus nerve stimulates parietal cells
  • vagus stimulates G cells

Anticipating food

45
Q

What stimulates the gastric stage?

A

Distension of stomach - stimulates vagus nerve

Presence of amino acids/small peptides - stimulate G cells

Food in stomach - removes gastrin secretion inhibition

46
Q

What stimulates the intestinal stage?

A

Partially digested proteins in duodenum

  • chyme release
  • stimulates gastrin
47
Q

What happens in the intestinal stage?

A

G cells inhibited

  • lipids activate enterogastric reflex
  • reduces vagal stimulation
  • chyme stimulates CCK and secretin
48
Q

How does the stomach protect itself from autodigestion?

A

Mucus - forms thick alkaline layer

High turnover of epithelial cells

Prostaglandins - maintain mucosal blood flow

49
Q

What can damage the stomach defences?

A

Alcohol - dissolves mucus layer

H. pylori

NSAIDs - inhibit prostaglandins

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

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