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Gastrointestinal System > Hernias > Flashcards

Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Protrusion of a body part beyond the confines of its containing cavity

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2
Q

What are the causes of hernias?

A

Weakness of cavity

  • congenital
  • post surgery
  • normal weakness points

Increase in intra-abdominal pressure

  • obesity
  • weight lifting
  • chronic constipation
  • chronic cough
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3
Q

What makes up a hernia?

A

Sac
Contents of the sac
Coverings of the sac

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4
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

Hernia through oblique pass in the lower part of the abdominal wall - inguinal canal

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5
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament + lacunar ligament

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6
Q

What forms the roof the inguinal canal?

A

Internal oblique + transverse abdominus

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7
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

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8
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

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9
Q

Where is the deep ring in the inguinal canal?

A

Posterior wall

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10
Q

Where is the superficial ring in the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior wall

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11
Q

What forms the medial border of the inguinal canal?

A

Pubic tubercle

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12
Q

What forms the lateral border of the inguinal canal?

A

ASIS

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13
Q

What are the types of inguinal hernia?

A

Direct

Indirect

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14
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Bulges through Hesselbach’s triangle

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15
Q

What is the medial border of Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominis

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16
Q

What is the lateral border of Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

17
Q

What is the inferior border of Hesselbach’s triangle

A

Inguinal ligament

18
Q

What is the relation of a direct hernia to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Medial to vessels

19
Q

What is an indirect hernia?

A

Passes through deep ring, along inguinal canal and through superficial ring

20
Q

What is the relation of an indirect hernia to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Lateral to vessels

21
Q

Who is an inguinal hernia more common in?

A

Males

22
Q

Who is a femoral hernia more common in?

A

Females

23
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Bowel herniates into femoral canal

24
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

Failure of the midgut to return to the abdomen during development

  • viscera covered in peritoneum
  • feeding can commence
25
Q

What is gastroschisis?

A

Defect in the ventral abdominal wall

  • viscera not covered in peritoneum
  • problems with feeding
26
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A

Hernia at the site of the umbilicus - commonly found in children

27
Q

What is a paraumbilical hernia?

A

Umbilical hernia found in adults - bowel goes through linea alba

28
Q

Who is a paraumbilical hernia more common in?

A

Females

29
Q

What is an incarcerated hernia?

A

A ‘stuck’ hernia

30
Q

What is a strangulated hernia?

A

Hernia with disrupted blood supply

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

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