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Gastrointestinal System > Large Intestine > Flashcards

Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the large intestines?

A 
Caecum 
Ascending colon 
Transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon 
Rectum 
Anal canal
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2
Q

What epithelium lines the large intestines?

A

Columnar epithelium

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3
Q

What are the roles of the large intestines?

A

Removes water from indigestible gut contents
Production of some vitamins
Temporary storage

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4
Q

Is the ascending colon intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

Is the transverse colon intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal - has its own mesentery = transverse mesocolon

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6
Q

Is the descending colon intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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7
Q

Is the sigmoid colon intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal - has its own mesentery

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8
Q

Is the rectum intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Upper 1/3 - intraperitoneal

Middle 1/3 - retroperitoneal

Lower 1/3 - no peritoneum

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9
Q

What is the arterial supply to the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

What are the branches of the SMA?

A 
Jejunal arteries
Ileal arteries 
Ileo-colic artery
Right colic artery 
Middle colic artery
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11
Q

What do the jejunal arteries supply?

A

Jejunum

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12
Q

What do the ileal arteries supply?

A

Ileum

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13
Q

What does the ileo-colic artery supply?

A

Caecum

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14
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon

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15
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Transverse colon

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16
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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17
Q

What are the branches of the IMA?

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

18
Q

What does the left colic artery supply?

A

Descending colon

19
Q

What do the sigmoid arteries supply?

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

20
Q

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

A

Upper 1/3 rectum

21
Q

What is the venous drainage of the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

22
Q

What is the venous drainage of the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

23
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

Upper 1/3 - superior rectal vein -> IMV

Middle/lower 2/3 - systemic venous system

24
Q

What is the difference in the muscle of large intestine compared to the small intestine?

A

External longitudinal muscle is incomplete

25
Q

What are teniae coli?

A

Three distinct bands of smooth muscle on the large intestines

26
Q

What are haustra?

A

Sacculations caused by contraction of the teniae coli

27
Q

How is water absorbed in the large intestines?

A

Facilitated by ENaC

Tighter tight junctions - creates bigger gradient so more water absorbed

28
Q

What induces water absorption in the large intestines?

A

Aldosterone

29
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Group of conditions characterised by idiopathic inflammation of the GI tract

30
Q

What are the 2 main conditions in IBD?

A

Crohn’s disease

Ulcerative colitis

31
Q

Where can Crohn’s affect?

A

Anywhere in GI tract - commonly ileum

32
Q

How thick is the inflammation in Crohn’s?

A

Transmural

33
Q

Is Crohn’s inflammation continuous?

A

No -skip lesions

34
Q

What are the gross pathological features of Crohn’s?

A 
Skip lesions
Hyperaemia 
Mucosal oedema 
Cobblestone appearance 
Fistulae
35
Q

What are the microscopic pathological features of Crohn’s?

A

Granuloma formation

36
Q

Where can UC affect?

A

Begins in rectum

37
Q

How thick is the inflammation in UC?

A

Mucosa only

38
Q

Is UC continuous inflammation?

A

Yes

39
Q

What are the pathological changes in UC?

A

Crypt abscesses
Reduced number of goblet cells
Pseudopolyps
Loss of haustra

40
Q

What is the potential sign of Crohn’s on a barium follow through?

A

String sign of kantour

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

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