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Gastrointestinal System > Gastric Disease > Flashcards

Gastric Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are common gastric disorders?

A

GORD
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer disease
Zollinger-Ellison disease

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2
Q

What is GORD?

A

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

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3
Q

What are symptoms of GORD?

A

Chest pain
Acid taste in mouth
Cough

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4
Q

What are potential consequences of GORD?

A

Oesophagitis
Strictures
Barrett’s oesophagus

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5
Q

What is Barrett’s oesophagus?

A

Metaplasia from squamous to gastric epithelium

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6
Q

What makes up the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

Muscular element
Right crus of diaphragm
Acute angle of entry of oesophagus to stomach
Intra-abdominal pressure - collapses end of oesophagus slightly

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7
Q

What causes GORD?

A

Relaxtion of LOS

Increased intra-abdominal pressure

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8
Q

How can GORD be managed?

A

Lifestyle modifications
- weight loss

Antacids
H2 antagonists
PPIs

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9
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

Herniation of stomach through diaphragm

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10
Q

What is gastritis?

A

Inflammation of the stomach

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11
Q

What are the symptom of gastritis?

A

Pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Bleeding

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12
Q

What are the causes of acute gastritis?

A

NSAID use
Alcohol
Chemotherapy
Bile reflux

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13
Q

What is acute gastritis?

A

Acute damage to mucosa normally related to chemicals

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14
Q

How does NSAID use cause acute gastritis?

A

Reduces prostaglandins
Reduces mucosa blood flow
Less repair

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15
Q

How does alcohol cause acute gastritis?

A

Damages protective mucus layer

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16
Q

How does chemotherapy cause acute gastritis?

A

Prevents rapid cell turnover

17
Q

How does bile reflux cause acute gastritis?

A

Bile reacts with stomach lining

18
Q

How is acute gastritis managed?

A

Remove irritant

19
Q

What are the causes of chronic gastritis?

A

Bacterial
- H.pylori

Autoimmune
- antibodies to parietal cells

20
Q

What are the symptoms of autoimmune chronic gastritis?

A

Anaemia symptoms
Glossitis
Anorexia
Neurological symptoms

21
Q

What are helicobacter pylori?

A

Gram negative, helix shaped, flagellated bacteria

22
Q

How is H. pylori spread?

A

Oral - oral

Faecal - oral

23
Q

How does H.pylori cause damage?

A

Produces urease

  • converts urea to ammonium
  • increase local pH

Release cytotoxins
- direct epithelial injury

24
Q

What happens if H.pylori colonises in antrum?

A

Increased gastrin secretion

  • increased parietal cell acid secretion
  • duodenal epithelial metaplasia
  • duodenal ulceration
25
Q

What happens if H.pylori colonises in the body?

A

Atrophic effect

- gastric ulcer

26
Q

How is H.pylori diagnosed?

A

Urea breath test - carbon 13
Stool antigen test
Blood test

27
Q

How is H.pylori managed?

A

PPI

Amoxicillin

28
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease?

A

Defects in gastric/duodenal mucosa

- must extend through muscularis mucosa

29
Q

Where are common sites of peptic ulcers?

A

1st part duodenum
Lesser curve stomach
Antrum stomach

30
Q

What is the pathophysiology of peptic ulcers?

A

Breakdown of normal stomach defences

31
Q

What causes peptic ulcers?

A 
Stomach acid
H.pylori 
NSAIDs
Smoking 
Stress
32
Q

What are acute peptic ulcers?

A

Ulcers that develop as part of acute gastritis

33
Q

What are chronic peptic ulcers?

A

Ulcers commonly occurring at mucosal junctions

34
Q

What is the morphology of peptic ulcers?

A

<2cm

Base = necrotic/granulation tissue

35
Q

What are clinical consequences of peptic ulcers?

A

Scar tissue shrinkage - narrow stomach lumen/cause pyloric stenosis

Perforation = peritonitis

Erosion into vessel

36
Q

What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Epigastric pain

  • burning
  • following meals

Bleeding

  • melaena
  • haematemesis

Weight loss

37
Q

How can peptic ulcer disease be managed?

A

Lifestyle modification
Test for H.pylori
PPIs
Endoscopy

38
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Non beta islet cell gastrin secreting tumour of the pancreas

39
Q

What is the effect of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Proliferation of parietal cells

  • increased acid secretion
  • severe ulceration

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

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