Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the GI system?

A 
Mouth 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Pancreas
Duodenum 
Liver
Biliary system 
Jejenum 
Ileum 
Caecum 
Ascending colon 
Transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon 
Rectum 
Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the nervous control of the gut?

A

Autonomic nervous system

Enteric nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the parasympathetic supply from the gut come from?

A

Vagus nerve

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the vagus nerve supply?

A

Foregut + midgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do the pelvic splanchnic nerves originate?

A

S2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the pelvic splanchnic nerves supply?

A

Motor supply to the hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the sympathetic supply from the gut come from?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve
Lesser splanchnic nerve
Least splanchnic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve originate?

A

T5-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What ganglion does the greater splanchnic nerve synapse at?

A

Coeliac ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the greater splanchnic nerve supply?

A

Foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve originate?

A

T10-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What ganglion does the lesser splanchnic nerve synapse at?

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the lesser splanchnic nerve supply?

A

Midgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the least splanchnic nerve originate?

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What ganglion does the least splanchnic nerve synapse at?

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the least splanchnic nerve supply?

A

Hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the coeliac plexus?

A

Plexus of nerves in the upper abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What nerves make up the coeliac plexus?

A

Greater splanchnic
Lesser splanchnic
Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the coeliac plexus innervate?

A

Pain/sensory supply from foregut + midgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the main plexuses in the enteric nervous system?

A

Submucosal plexus

Myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the submucosal plexus also known as?

A

Meissner’s plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the submucosal plexus found?

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the submucosal plexus provide?

A

Sensory + parasympathetic supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the myenteric plexus also known as?

A

Auerbach’s plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus found?

A

Mucosa - in between circular and longitudinal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the myenteric plexus provide?

A

Motor + sympathetic + parasympathetic supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A 
Oesophagus 
Stomach 
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum - proximal to bile duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A 
Duodenum - distal to bileduct 
Jejunum 
Ileum 
Caesum 
Ascending colon 
Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What makes up the hindgut?

A 
Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon 
Rectum
Upper anal canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the arterial supply to the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the arterial supply to the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When does the abdominal aorta start?

A

T12 - when it crosses the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

L4 - into common iliac arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How many branches of the abdominal aorta are there?

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

A 
Inferior phrenic arteries
Coeliac artery 
Superior mesenteric artery 
Middle suprarenal arteries 
Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery 
Median sacral artery 
Lumbar arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What level do the inferior phrenic arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

T12 - posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What do the inferior phrenic arteries supply?

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What level does the coeliac artery branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

T12 - anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does the coeliac artery supply?

A

Forms the coeliac trunk

  • liver
  • stomach
  • abdominal oesophagus
  • spleen
  • superior duodenum
  • superior pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What level does the SMA branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1 - anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does the SMA supply?

A 
Distal duodenum 
Jejunum 
Ileum 
Ascending colon 
Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What level do the middle suprarenal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1 - posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What do the middle suprarenal arteries supply?

A

Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What level do the renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1-2 - laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What do the renal arteries supply?

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What level do the gonadal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L2 - laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What do the gonadal arteries supply?

A

Males - testicles

Females - ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What level does the IMA branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L3 - anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What does the IMA supply?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What level does the median sacral artery branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L4 - posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What does the median sacral artery supply?

A

Coccyx
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What levels do the lumbar arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1-4 - posterolaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What do the lumbar arteries supply?

A

Abdominal wall

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the major branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the path of the left gastric artery?

A

Ascends across diaphragm - gives off oesophageal branches

Continues along lesser curve of stomach

Anastomoses with right gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the path of the splenic artery?

A

Travels posterior to stomach along superior margin of pancreas

Contained within the splenorenal ligament

Terminates at spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What branches does the splenic artery give off?

A

Left gastroepiploic
Short gastrics
Pancreatic branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What does the left gastroepiploic artery supply?

A

Greater curve of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What do the short gastrics supply?

A

Fundus of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What do the pancreatic branches supply?

A

Body + tail of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the path of the common hepatic artery?

A

Travels past the superior aspect of the duodenum

Divides into

  • proper hepatic artery
  • gastroduodenal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What are the branches of the proper hepatic artery?

A

Right gastric
Right hepatic
- branch = cystic artery
Left hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What does the right gastric artery supply?

A

Pylorus

Lesser curve of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What does the right hepatic artery supply?

A

Right lobe of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What does the left hepatic artery supply?

A

Left lobe of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What does the cystic artery supply?

A

Gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the path of the gastroduodenal artery?

A

Descends posterior to superior portion of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

A

Right gastroepiploic

Superior pancreaticoduodenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What does the right gastroepiploic artery supply?

A

Greater curve of the stomach

Greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supply?

A

Head of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What are the main parts of the stomach?

A 
Fundus - top 
Body - main part
Antrum - base 
Lesser curve - short edge
Greater curve - long edge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What are omenta?

A

Structures formed of folded layers of peritoneum that attach to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What are the 2 omenta?

A

Greater

Lesser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What are the greater omenutum’s attachments?

A

Attaches from greater curvature of the stomach to transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is the role of the greater omentum?

A

Contains many lymph nodes
- GI immunity

Assists attachment to abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What are the lesser omentum’s attachments?

A

Continuous with peritoneal layers of the stomach + duodenum

Arises at lesser curve

Attaches to liver

78
Q

What is the role of the lesser omentum?

A

Attach stomach + duodenum to liver

79
Q

What do the omenta divide the abdominal cavity into?

A

Greater sac

Lesser sac

80
Q

What divides the greater sac?

A

Transverse colon mesentery

81
Q

What is the greater sac divided into?

A

Supracolic compartment

Infracolic compartment

82
Q

Where does the supracolic compartment lie?

A

Above transverse mesocolon

83
Q

What is in the supracolic compartment?

A

Stomach
Liver
Spleen

84
Q

Where does the infracolic compartment lie?

A

Below transverse mesocolon

85
Q

What is in the infracolic compartment?

A

Small intestine
Ascending colon
Descending colon

86
Q

What connects the supracolic and infracolic compartments?

A

Paracolic gutters

87
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie?

A

Posterior to stomach and lesser momentum

88
Q

What connects the greater and lesser sacs?

A

Epiploic foramen of winslow

89
Q

What level does the SMA branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1

90
Q

How many branches does the SMA have?

A

6

91
Q

What are the main branches of the SMA?

A 
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery 
Jejunal arteries
Ileal arteries
Middle colic artery 
Right colic artery 
Ileocolic artery
92
Q

What does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supply?

A

Inferior head of pancreas
Uncinate process
Duodenum

93
Q

What do the jejunal arteries supply?

A

Jejunum

94
Q

What do the ileal arteries supply?

A

Ileum

95
Q

How can the jejunal and ileal arteries be distinguished?

A

Jejunal

  • fewer arterial arcades
  • longer vasa recta

Ileal

  • more arterial arcades
  • shorter vasa recta
96
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Transverse colon

97
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon

98
Q

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon
Appendix
Caecum
Ileum

99
Q

What level does the IMA branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L3

100
Q

How many main branches of the IMA are there?

A

3

101
Q

What are the main branches of the IMA?

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

102
Q

What does the left colic artery supply?

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon

Descending colon

103
Q

What do the sigmoid arteries supply?

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

104
Q

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

A

Superior rectum

105
Q

What are the main parts of the pancreas?

A 
Head
Neck 
Body 
Tail 
Uncinate process
106
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas lie?

A

In the duodenum

107
Q

Where does the neck of the pancreas lie?

A

Overlays superior mesenteric vessels

108
Q

Where does the body of the pancreas lie?

A

Left to the superior mesenteric vessels

109
Q

Where does the tail of the pancreas lie?

A

Close to the spleen hiatus

In the splenorenal ligament

110
Q

Where does the uncinate process lie?

A

Posterior to superior mesenteric vessels

111
Q

What arteries supply the pancreas?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal

112
Q

What veins drain the pancreas?

A

Head -> superior mesenteric branches of portal vein

Pancreatic vein -> splenic vein

113
Q

What are the lobes of the liver?

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

114
Q

What divides the right and left lobe?

A

Falciform ligament

115
Q

Where does the caudate lobe lie?

A

Between IVC and ligament venosum

116
Q

What is ligamentum venosum?

A

Remnant of fetal ductus venosus

117
Q

Where does the quadrate lobe lie?

A

Between gallbladder and ligamentum teres

118
Q

What is ligamentum teres?

A

Remnant of foetal umbilical vein

119
Q

What are the connecting ligaments of the liver?

A

Falciform
Coronary
Traingular

120
Q

What does the falciform ligament connect?

A

Anterior surface of liver to anterior abdominal wall

121
Q

What does the coronary ligament connect?

A

Superior surface of liver to inferior diaphragm

122
Q

What does the left triangular ligament connect?

A

Left lobe of liver to diaphragm

123
Q

What does the right triangular ligament connect?

A

Right lobe of liver to diaphragm

124
Q

What are the main parts of the biliary system?

A 
Common hepatic duct
Gall bladder
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Pancreatic duct
Ampulla of Vater
125
Q

What is the common hepatic duct?

A

Carries bile from liver to cysticduct/CBD

126
Q

What does the common hepatic duct run alongside?

A

Hepatic vein

127
Q

What is the cystic duct?

A

Connects the gall bladder to common hepatic duct and common bile duct

128
Q

Where does the common bile duct run?

A

Descends posteriorly to duodenum and pancreas head

129
Q

What is the pancreatic duct?

A

Carries pancreatic enzymes from pancreas to ampulla of vater

130
Q

What is the ampulla of Vater?

A

Connects the pancreatic duct and CBD

131
Q

Were does the ampulla of Vater open into?

A

Duodenum

132
Q

What regulates the ampulla of Vater?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

133
Q

Is the duodenum intra or retroperitoneal?

A

1st part = intraperitoneal
2nd part = retro
3rd part = retro
4th part = retro

134
Q

How many parts is the duodenum split into?

A

4

135
Q

What is the first part of the duodenum?

A

Superior part

136
Q

What spinal level is the first part at?

A

L1

137
Q

Where does the first part of the duodenum lie?

A

Ascends upwards from pylorus of stomach

Connect to the liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament

138
Q

What is the second part of the duodenum?

A

Descending

139
Q

What spinal level is the second part at?

A

L1-3

140
Q

Where does the second part of the duodenum lie?

A

Curves inferiorly around the head of the pancreas

Posterior to transverse colon

141
Q

What opens into the second part of the duodenum?

A

Ampulla of Vater

142
Q

What is the third part of the duodenum?

A

Inferior

143
Q

What spinal level is the third part at?

A

L3

144
Q

Where does the third part of the duodenum lie?

A

Travels laterally to left
Crosses over IVC + aorta

Inferior to pancreas

145
Q

What is the fourth part of the duodenum?

A

Ascending

146
Q

What spinal level is the fourth part at?

A

L3-2

147
Q

Where does the fourth part of the duodenum lie?

A

After crossing aorta, ascends and curves anteriorly to join jejunum

148
Q

Where is the jejunum located?

A

Upper left quadrant

149
Q

Where is the ileum located?

A

Lower right quadrant

150
Q

What makes up the large intenstine?

A 
Caecum 
Ascending colon 
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
151
Q

Is the caecum intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

152
Q

Is the ascending colon intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

153
Q

Where does the ascending colon become the transverse colon?

A

Right colic (hepatic) flexure

154
Q

Is the transverse colon intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal - transverse colon

155
Q

Where does the transverse colon become the descending colon?

A

Left colic (splenic) flexure

156
Q

Is the descending colon intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

157
Q

Is the sigmoid colon intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal - sigmoid mesocolon

158
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Spaces between ascending/descending colon and posterior abdominal wall

159
Q

What level does the rectum start?

A

S3

160
Q

Is the rectum intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Upper 1/3 - intraperitoneal
Middle 1/3 - retroperitoneal
Lower 1/3 - no peritoneum

161
Q

What is the arterial supply to the rectum?

A

Superior rectal artery - from IMA
Middle rectal artery - from interal iliac
Inferior rectal artery - from pudendal

162
Q

When does the anal canal start?

A

Proximal border of anal sphincter complex

Joined to rectum by the anorectal ring

163
Q

What are the 2 anal sphincters?

A

Internal

External

164
Q

Where is the internal anal sphincter?

A

Surrounds the upper 2/3 of anal canal

165
Q

What muscle makes up the internal anal sphincter?

A

Circular smooth muscle

166
Q

Where is the external anal sphincter?

A

Surrounds lower 2/3 of anal canal

167
Q

What muscle makes up the external anal sphincter?

A

Voluntary muscle

168
Q

What makes up the anorectal ring?

A

Fusion of internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle

169
Q

What epithelium lines the anal canal above the dentate line?

A

Columnar epithelium

170
Q

What divides the anal canal?

A

Dentate line (pectinate line)

171
Q

What epithelium lines the anal canal below the dentate line?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

172
Q

Where is the anal canal above the dentate line derived from?

A

Embryonic hindgut

173
Q

Where is the anal canal below the dentate line derived from?

A

Ectoderm of proctodeum

174
Q

What artery supplies the anal canal above the dentate line?

A

Superior rectal artery

175
Q

What artery supplies the anal canal below the dentate line?

A

Inferior rectal artery

176
Q

What makes the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

177
Q

What makes the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

178
Q

What makes the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

179
Q

What makes the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

180
Q

Where is the deep ring found?

A

Above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

181
Q

What makes the deep ring/

A

Transversalis fascia

182
Q

Where is the deep ring in relation to the epigastric vessels?

A

Lateral to the vessels

183
Q

Where is the superficial ring found?

A

Superior to pubic tubercle

184
Q

What makes the superficial ring?

A

External oblique

185
Q

Where is the superficial ring in relation to the epigastric vessels?

A

Medial to the vessels

186
Q

What is the main vein in the abdomen?

A

Inferior vena cava

187
Q

Where does the vena cava receive tributaries from?

A 
Common iliac veins
Lumbar veins
Renal veins
Right testicular/ovarian vein
Right suprarenal vein 
Inferior phrenic veins
Hepatic veins
188
Q

Which veins form the portal vein?

A

Splenic vein

Superior mesenteric vein

189
Q

Where does the portal vein receive tributaries from?

A

Left + right gastric veins
Cystic veins
Para-umbilical veins

190
Q

Where does the splenic vein receive tributaries from?

A

Short gastric veins
Left gastro-omental vein
Pancreatic veins
Inferior mesenteric vein

191
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric vein receive tributaries from?

A 
Right gastro-omental vein 
Anterior + posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins
Jejunal vein 
Ileal vein 
Ileocolic vein 
Right colic vein 
Middle colic vein

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions