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Gastrointestinal System > Salivation + Swallowing > Flashcards

Salivation + Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the composition of saliva?

A 
Mostly water
Potassium 
Bicarbonate
Mucins 
Amylase 
Lingual lipase 
Immune proteins
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2
Q

What is the tonicity of saliva?

A

Hypotonic

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3
Q

What is the pH of saliva?

A

~8

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4
Q

What is the purpose of mucins in saliva?

A

Lubrication

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5
Q

Where is amylase secreted from?

A

Salivary glands

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6
Q

Where is lingual lipase secreted from?

A

Lingual glands

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7
Q

What nervous system controls saliva secretion?

A

Autonomic control

- mainly parasympathetic

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8
Q

How is saliva secreted?

A

Saliva produced in acinar cells

Modified by ductal cells

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9
Q

What happens with a low flow rate?

A

Saliva more modified - more hypotonic

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10
Q

What flow rate gives you a greater concentration of bicarbonate?

A

High flow

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11
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A 
Lubrication 
Digestion 
Form bolus 
Immune function - lysosomes 
Protects teeth
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12
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth - due to little saliva production

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13
Q

What are the main salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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14
Q

What is the nervous control for the parotid gland?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

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15
Q

What is the nervous control for the sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

CN X + chorda tympani branch of CNVII

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16
Q

What are the phases of swallowing?

A

Oral preparatory phase
Pharyngeal phase
Oesophageal phase

17
Q

Is the oral preparatory phase voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

18
Q

What happens in the oral preparatory phase?

A

Tongue pushes bolus towards the pharynx

When bolus touches pharyngeal wall - triggers next phase

19
Q

Is the pharyngeal phase voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

20
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase?

A

Soft palate seals off nasopharynx
Pharyngeal constrictors push bolus downwards
Larynx elevates - closes epiglottis
Vocal cords adduct - breathing temporarily ceases
Upper oesophageal sphincter opens

21
Q

Is the oesophageal phase voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

22
Q

What happens in the oesophageal phase?

A

Closure of the UOS

Peristalsis carries bolus to stomach

23
Q

What is the gag reflex arc?

A

Mechanoreceptors in pharyngeal wall

CNIX

Medulla

CNX

Pharyngeal constrictors

24
Q

How is gastro-oesophageal reflux prevented?

A

Smooth muscle sphincter at base of oesophagus + diaphragm

Compress oesophagus when intra-abdominal pressure rises

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

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