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Social psych > stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination > Flashcards

stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination Flashcards

1
Q

define stereotypes

A

Impressions of groups that people form by associating them with particular characteristics

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2
Q

define prejudice

A

Positive or negative evaluations of a social group or its members

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3
Q

define discrimination

A

Positive or negative behaviour directed towards a social group or its members

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4
Q

describe the nature of prejudice

A
  • Involves judging an individually, independent of actual actions
    Assumptions based on group membership leads to many errors
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5
Q

what does prejudice often lead to

A

acts of violence against innocent people

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6
Q

who proposed three basic causes of prejudice

A

Gordon Allport

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7
Q

Gordon Allport’s three basic causes of prejudice

A
  • Hostile feelings linked to a salient category of people
  • Preferences for the in-group over out-groups (in-group bias)
    Internalized worldview
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8
Q

when do hostile feelings arise

A

when threatened or frustrated
-look for a scapegoat
- Conflict over scarce resources
Cultural transmissions over generations

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9
Q

what is realistic group conflict theory

A

Evolutionary and economic account for group conflict - tend to compete when resources are contested

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10
Q

what resources are often contested

A

land
welfare
oil

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11
Q

what was the Robber’s cave experiment

A
  • Well-adjusted psychologically boys from lower middle class backgrounds
  • Divided into two groups
    Competition began to arise extremely for finite resources
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12
Q

what is in group bias

A

Familiarity-based preference for in-groups over out-groups
People who feel inferior, guilty or anxious blame an out group for their troubles

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13
Q

what does in group bias stand to serve

A

self esteem

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14
Q

what is ethnocentrism

A

Viewing the world through our own cultural value system, and judging people based on our own culture’s views

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15
Q

how is ethnocentrism related to terror management theory

A
  • People sustain faith in cultural worldview to feel safe/secure
    Culture/worldview has served to protect us in the past…
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16
Q

what is an authoritarian personality

A

Highly accepting of authority and adherence to convention (ethnocentrism)

17
Q

what is right wing authoritarianism

A
  • The world is inherently dangerous and maintaining security requires upholding order and tradition.
    Predicts prejudice against groups seen as deviant or dangerous
18
Q

what is social dominance orientation

A
  • Ruthless/competitive world where powerful dominate the weak
    A tendency to think in simple, clear-cut ways
19
Q

has there been progress against prejudice

A

-segregation is illegal but society is still segregated
-Overt expressions of discrimination and racial injustice are declining but not absent

20
Q

evidence of institutional discrimination

A
  • Less economic value and pay to traditional feminine occupations
    Underrepresentation of minorities/women in higher-paying jobs
21
Q

what is redlining

A

resources withheld from minority neighbourhoods

22
Q

what does did the BLM movement lead to

A

intensifying efforts to improve equity and inclusion

23
Q

define hostile sexism

A

women are inferior, irrational and weak

24
Q

define benevolent sexism

A

idealising women in traditional female roles

25
Q

what is implicit prejudice

A

Negative attitudes towards out-group with little or no awareness
-some may not admit or some may be truly unaware

26
Q

what is ambivalent sexism

A

combination of hostile and benevolent sexism

27
Q

example of pluralistic ignorance

A

Obama election - white people may presume enough has been done to improve racial inequality

28
Q

how do we measure implicit prejudice

A

Physiological measures - immediate physiological reactions to a person or group
Implicit association tests

29
Q

what typically promotes stereotypes

A

culture

30
Q

example of stereotyping in films

A

movies about princesses conveying ideals about women

31
Q

positive trends against stereotyping in films

A

-different cultures
-heroic princesses
-Bechdel test

32
Q

what is the Kernel of truth hypothesis

A

Stereotypes may contain some accurate elements that are then overgeneralised

33
Q

how is social role theory related to stereotypes

A

Stereotypes often attached to a function of historically embedded social norms

34
Q

how are illusory correlations associated with stereotypes

A
  • Association between two occurrences - fundamental attribution error
  • Creates exaggerated perceptions of correlations
35
Q

uses of stereotypes

A
  • Cognitive tools for simplifying life
  • Justify violence, discrimination and sexual objectification
    -Justify the status quo and promote self-esteem
36
Q

out group homogeneity effect

A

tendency to view individuals in out-groups as more similar to each other than they actually are

Social psych (11 decks)

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