stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination Flashcards
define stereotypes
Impressions of groups that people form by associating them with particular characteristics
define prejudice
Positive or negative evaluations of a social group or its members
define discrimination
Positive or negative behaviour directed towards a social group or its members
describe the nature of prejudice
- Involves judging an individually, independent of actual actions
Assumptions based on group membership leads to many errors
what does prejudice often lead to
acts of violence against innocent people
who proposed three basic causes of prejudice
Gordon Allport
Gordon Allport’s three basic causes of prejudice
- Hostile feelings linked to a salient category of people
- Preferences for the in-group over out-groups (in-group bias)
Internalized worldview
when do hostile feelings arise
when threatened or frustrated
-look for a scapegoat
- Conflict over scarce resources
Cultural transmissions over generations
what is realistic group conflict theory
Evolutionary and economic account for group conflict - tend to compete when resources are contested
what resources are often contested
land
welfare
oil
what was the Robber’s cave experiment
- Well-adjusted psychologically boys from lower middle class backgrounds
- Divided into two groups
Competition began to arise extremely for finite resources
what is in group bias
Familiarity-based preference for in-groups over out-groups
People who feel inferior, guilty or anxious blame an out group for their troubles
what does in group bias stand to serve
self esteem
what is ethnocentrism
Viewing the world through our own cultural value system, and judging people based on our own culture’s views
how is ethnocentrism related to terror management theory
- People sustain faith in cultural worldview to feel safe/secure
Culture/worldview has served to protect us in the past…
what is an authoritarian personality
Highly accepting of authority and adherence to convention (ethnocentrism)
what is right wing authoritarianism
- The world is inherently dangerous and maintaining security requires upholding order and tradition.
Predicts prejudice against groups seen as deviant or dangerous
what is social dominance orientation
- Ruthless/competitive world where powerful dominate the weak
A tendency to think in simple, clear-cut ways
has there been progress against prejudice
-segregation is illegal but society is still segregated
-Overt expressions of discrimination and racial injustice are declining but not absent
evidence of institutional discrimination
- Less economic value and pay to traditional feminine occupations
Underrepresentation of minorities/women in higher-paying jobs
what is redlining
resources withheld from minority neighbourhoods
what does did the BLM movement lead to
intensifying efforts to improve equity and inclusion
define hostile sexism
women are inferior, irrational and weak
define benevolent sexism
idealising women in traditional female roles
