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Social psych > Attraction > Flashcards

Attraction Flashcards

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1
Q

define a psychological need

A

A mechanism for regulating behaviour to acquire the tangible or intangible resources necessary for survival and well-being

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2
Q

what happens when a psychological need is not met

A

Mental and physical health decline
Loneliness and social rejection

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3
Q

How is loneliness measured in a lab

A
  • Cyberball - robots posed as other students throw ball whilst excluding actual participant
  • Measure consumption afterwards e.g. how much they drank
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4
Q

what would evolutionary perspectives suggest about a need to belong

A

-The motive to belong is universal –Behaviours seen in children worldwide and not in other species
-reproduction is more successful in stable and close relationships

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5
Q

how does proximity play a role in relationship development

A

-requires physical closeness to lead to greater comfort and attraction

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6
Q

what is the reward model of liking

A

-people like others they associate with positive stimuli
-like or dislike of a person can be simply due to the mood they were in when they met

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7
Q

define transference

A

When meeting new people you transfer feelings from someone who you already know

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8
Q

why is similarity of attitudes a strong determinant of attraction

A

sharing interests validates own view of the world

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9
Q

what is the norm of reciprocity

A

-being liked first is a strong initial factor of attraction
-people anticipate rewards from people who like them

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10
Q

when does flattery become innaffective

A

if an ulterior motive is noticeable

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11
Q

example of opposites attracting

A

highly masculine men often prefer highly feminine women
tend to prefer opposites in terms of dominance and submissiveness

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12
Q

what does gain loss theory suggest

A

Liking is highest for others when they increase their positivity toward you over time

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13
Q

when is a compliment more potent

A

when from someone who has never complimented you before

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14
Q

what role does physical attractiveness play

A

Can influence political decisions, popularity, and dating frequency

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15
Q

why is physical attractiveness important

A

-pleasant to look at attractive people (rewards)
-contributes to sexual appeal

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16
Q

what is the halo effect

A

Assumption people with one positive attribute (attractiveness) must have other positive traits

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17
Q

how does culture play a role in physical attractiveness

A

beauty standards tend to vary across cultures

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18
Q

evidence of averageness being key to physical attraction

A

The more real faces that are used to create the composite face, the more attractive a composite face is perceived

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19
Q

why are we attracted to averageness according to evolutionary psychology

A

they signal good health for mating potential

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20
Q

what are the gender differences of the role of physical attraction

A

-men tend to report physical attractiveness as a key factor to relationships more than women

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21
Q

what are women more likely to be attracted to over physicality

A

financial status and resources

22
Q

gender differences for views on sex

A

women - tend to see sex as part of an emotionally intimate relationship
men - more likely to have casual sex outside a relationship - want sex sooner and more often

23
Q

what is interdependence as a component of closeness

A

A situation in which what each person does significantly influences what the partner does over long periods of time

24
Q

what is mutuality as a component of closeness

A

Partners’ acknowledgment that their lives are intertwined and thinking of themselves as a couple (“us”) instead of as separate individuals

25
Q

what is commitment as a component of closeness

A

Partners’ investment of time, effort, and resources in their relationship, with the expectation that it will continue indefinitely

26
Q

what is a parasocial relationship

A

Relationships with people in the media e.g. celebrities
Usually lack interdependence

27
Q

what are common costs of close relationships

A

Can be demanding
May require sacrifice
Can be a source of stress, frustration and emotional pain

28
Q

what are common benefits of close relationships

A

Facilitate day to day activities
Share labour and pool resources
Provide advice and consolation

29
Q

Pope’s definition of romantic love

A

romantic love is preoccupation, deep desire, despair in separation, and joy in reunion

30
Q

Berscheid’s definition of love

A

a strong, positive feeling we have toward someone/something we care deeply about

31
Q

Fisher’s definition of love

A

focus of attention, feelings, desire; source of meaning and value; joy and despair

32
Q

what neuroscientific evidence is there for love

A

Increased activity of dopamine (reward) areas occurs when loved one is contemplated

33
Q

what does culture influence

A

-what love looks like
how to act on feelings of romantic love

34
Q

what does attachment theory suggest

A

three major forms of attachment stemmed from child-maternal interactions
attachment type tends to persist into adult relationships

35
Q

what are the three attachment types and their prevalence

A

secure - 60%
anxious/ambivalent - 20%
avoidant - 20%

36
Q

who are relationships more likely to be satisfying and long term with

A

secure attachment for both members
anxious women and avoidant men

37
Q

how are relationships related to terror management theory

A

Help each other manage the threat of mortality by giving life meaning and reinforcing self-worth
- having children and therefore living on in some way

38
Q

what does the self expansion model suggest

A

Romantic relationships serve the desire to expand the self (self schema)

39
Q

relationships in 1700s-1800s

A

marriage geared towards resolving practical concerns

40
Q

relationships 1800-1960s

A

breadwinner model dominated

41
Q

relationships 1960s - present

A

Marriage results in greater sense of life satisfaction and self growth

42
Q

what are the main stages in the course of a romantic relationships

A

physical attraction
self disclosure
rose coloured lenses
adjusting to interdependency
marital satisfaction

43
Q

what is the value stage

A

comparing attitudes or values

44
Q

what is the role stage

A

establishing roles to maintain relationships

45
Q

what does the rose coloured lenses stage mean

A

people long to have a perfect romantic partner
positive illusions - negatives ignored

46
Q

how does adjusting to interdependency occur

A

Beginning of a romantic relationship is marked by a rapid rise in satisfaction
Satisfaction levels off

47
Q

what happens after turbulence occurs

A

satisfaction increases gradually again

48
Q

when does turbulence in a relationship occur

A

-during major life events
-more common in younger ages

49
Q

when do marital satisfaction drops tend to occur

A

first year and eight year

50
Q

what may cause decreases in marital satisfaction

A

unrealistic expectations
challenges of parenthood
decrease in passionate love

51
Q

what does interdependence theory involve

A

assessing:
-satisfaction
-investments
-alternatives

Social psych (11 decks)

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