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Social psych > Navigating the social world > Flashcards

Navigating the social world Flashcards

1
Q

what is short term memory

A

Info and input that is currently activated

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2
Q

what is long term memory

A

Information from past experience that may or may not be currently activated

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3
Q

process of long term memory

A

encode
rehearse
consolidate
retrieve

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4
Q

how does social media use effect recall

A

Divided attention between social media and taking pictures may impair ability to recall that experience

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5
Q

how do we encode

A

A reconstructive process
Influenced by bias, schemas, motives and goals

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6
Q

what type of information is easier to remember

A

schema consistent information

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7
Q

what is mood congruent memory

A

Remember positive info in positive mood and negative info in negative mood

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8
Q

what is the misinformation effect

A

Cues given after an event can plant false information in memory

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9
Q

What did Elizabeth Loftus find about eye witness testimony

A

-Leading questions by police investigators and exposure to information after an event can influence witness memories
-Repressed memories of childhood abuse can be falsely reconstructed

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10
Q

how do people tend to perceive actions

A

in terms of cause and effect

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11
Q

what does ‘the naïve scientist’ refer to

A

act as though we are naïve in order to control
-the need to form a coherent view of the world
-the need to gain control over the environment

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12
Q

what two dimensions does causal attribution vary on

A
  • Locus of causality - internal and external
    Stability - stable or unstable
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13
Q

what is internal locus of causality

A

Any explanation that locates the cause as being internal to the person (personality, mood, attitudes, abilities, effort)

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14
Q

what is internal locus of causality also known as

A

person attribution

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15
Q

what is external locus of causality

A

Any explanation that locates the cause as being external to the person (actions of others, the nature of the situation, luck)

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16
Q

what is external locus of causality also know as

A

situation attribution

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17
Q

Stable vs unstable causes

A

Permanent and lasting vs temporary and fluctuating

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18
Q

Controllable vs uncontrollable causes

A

Extent to which causes are influenced by others or random

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19
Q

what is correspondent inference theory

A

People try to infer a correspondent inference that one’s action indicates a stable personality characteristic

20
Q

what is the correspondent inference model is limited to

A

using a single instance of behaviour to explain behaviour

21
Q

when is correspondent inference more likely - social desirability

A

more likely when socially undesirable behaviours are observed

22
Q

when is correspondent inference more likely - choice

A

when the behaviour shown is freely chosen

23
Q

when is correspondent inference more likely - non- common effects

A

more likely when comparing behaviour to alternative behaviours

24
Q

what is the covariation model

A

-considers multiple observations and considers external and internal attributions
- We assume that the cause is something that “covaries” alongside the behaviour most often

25
Q

factors of covariation

A

-consensus information
-consistency information
-distinctiveness information

26
Q

what is consensus information

A

How others react to the same stimulus

27
Q

what is consistency information

A

Reacting to stimulus in the same way on different occasions

28
Q

what is distinctiveness information

A

Reacting in the same way to other stimuli

29
Q

example of causal attribution - gender differences

A
  • Boys attribute math difficulties to lack of effort or bad teaching (external)
    -Girls tend to attribute math difficulties to lack of math ability (internal)
30
Q

what is fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency to attribute behaviour to internal qualities of the actor and underestimate situational factors

31
Q

what is the actor-observer effect

A

Tendency to make internal attributions for behaviour of others and external attributions for our behaviour

32
Q

exceptions of the actor observer effect

A

-Internal attributions more likely made for our successes
-Actor-observer difference stronger for negative behaviour

33
Q

what are self serving attributions

A

Tendency to attribute successes to internal attributions and failures to external factors outside of our control

34
Q

who are less likely to correct their judgment of others

A

people who are cognitively strained

35
Q

why are intergroup attributions problematic

A

can propagate prejudice and discrimination against minority groups in society

36
Q

why are causal attributions important

A
  • Play a large role in the judgments and decisions people make about others and themselves
  • Derived from complex/ambiguous circumstances - can help us make sense of the world
    -Maintain consistency
37
Q

bottom up impression formation

A

individual observations to form an impression

38
Q

what is involved in bottom up impression formation

A

○ Thin slices - can be inaccurate
○ Negative bias
Theory of mind - mirror neurons

39
Q

top down impression information

A

using preconceived ideas and schemas as a basis for impression

40
Q

factors involved in top down impression formation

A

○ Transference
○ False consensus - assumption that your own views are correct
Representativeness heuristic

41
Q

when are we more likely to use bottom up processing in impressions

A

○ Highly motivated to get to know someone
○ Need to work with someone
○ Feel similar to someone

42
Q

what is primacy effect

A

What we learn early on shapes our judgements

43
Q

what is the halo effect

A

social perception of a person is constructed around a single trait

44
Q

what are dangers of the halo effect

A
  • Advertising and Misleading Health Halos
    -Labelling products healthy creates deceptive health halos
45
Q

why can expectations can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies

A
  • An expectation changes how we act towards others
  • Shapes others behaviours and makes are expectations come true
46
Q

example of self fulfilling prophecy in the workplace

A
  • Can influence the job performance of new cashiers in the grocery store
  • When assigned to work with biased manager, minorities were more likely to be absent, leave work early, scan items slowly, etc.
  • When working with unbiased managers, minorities often performed better than majority workers…
47
Q

example of self fulfilling prophecy in the classroom

A
  • Randomly assigned students labelled as ‘bloomers’
    These performed better within school than the students who were not labelled

Social psych (11 decks)

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