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Social psych > Prosocial behaviour > Flashcards

Prosocial behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

define prosocial behaviour

A

An action by an individual is intended to benefit another individual or set of individuals.

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2
Q

what is the functional approach for helping also known as

A

egoism

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3
Q

outline the functional approach as motivation for helping

A

People’s actions are motivated by some degree of self-interest; egotistic motivations for helping

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4
Q

altruistic approach as motivation for helping

A

Helping is the result of a desire to help another person purely for the other person’s benefit, regardless of benefit to self

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5
Q

what does kin selection refer to

A

Natural selection led to greater tendencies to help close kin rather than little genetic relationship

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6
Q

what about human nature tends to lead to prosocial behaviour

A

tendency for sociability and close attachment

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7
Q

what is reciprocal helping

A

Reciprocity patterns can provide adaptive advantages to individuals and groups

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8
Q

how do most people learn to be good

A

Parenting and observation - children taught to learn at an early age
media - emotional responses to those in need

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9
Q

how is operant conditioning related to learning prosocial behaviour

A

receiving praise results in helping again

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10
Q

what is social exchange theory

A

People help others when the benefits outweigh the costs

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11
Q

what is social exchange theory determined by

A

quick mental calculations

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12
Q

when is social exchange theory usually activated

A

when distress is seen

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13
Q

what may be hinderances to choosing to help

A

Time pressure
Tendency to prioritise own wellbeing
Assume helping others often takes more effort

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14
Q

how does empathy play a role in prosocial behaviour

A

-likelihood of helping depends on abilities to empathise
-helps understanding of emotions of others

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15
Q

what does low empathy require

A

high benefits for helping

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16
Q

what does high empathy require

A

lower benefits for helping

17
Q

what are mirror neurons

A

Cells in brain that activate to mimic other’s behaviours
linked to empathy

18
Q

what do mirror neurons help us to do

A

learn and understand new behaviours

19
Q

how does prejudice play a role in prosocial behaviour

A

people more likely to help ingroup than outgroup

20
Q

real life example of prejudice playing a role in prosocial behaviour

A

Bias against people based on weight or race can effect quality of care in a healthcare setting

21
Q

what is known as the empathy gap

A

people underestimate the physical pain and social rejection of others

22
Q

how is the empathy gap closed

A

-experiencing the pain yourself
-focusing on the suffering of an individual when mass tragedy occurs

23
Q

how do causal attributions affect prosocial behaviour

A

Belief about whether a person is responsible for their misfortune affects helping

24
Q

how does guilt affect prosocial behaviour

A

assigns blame or highlights own privilege

25
Q

what is positive effect

A

method of priming prosocial behaviour - good mood or intense feelings often promote helping

26
Q

what other ways may prosocial behaviour be primed

A

reminders of mortality
reminders of religious beliefs/values

27
Q

what is the bystander effect

A

A person who witnesses another in need is less likely to help when there are others present to witness the event

28
Q

how does bystander effect increase

A

as the number of bystanders gets larger

29
Q

when is bystander effect less likely to occur

A

when the event takes place amongst friends

30
Q

what is pluralistic ignorance

A

The presence of others prevents any one person from taking responsibility

31
Q

what factors may be involved in a helping personality

A
  • Ability to empathize
    Strong moral reasoning
    -Sense of social responsibility

Social psych (11 decks)

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