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Medical Phys II > STDs > Flashcards

STDs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are five ways STDs can enter?

A 
Mouth
Genitalia
Urinary Tract
Rectum
Skin
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2
Q

STDs are more common people with what?

A

More than one partner

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3
Q

What s inflammation of the urethra?

A

Urethritis

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4
Q

What is inflammation of the cervix?

A

Cervicitis

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5
Q

What is inflammation of oviduct?

A

Salpingitis

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6
Q

When do you get pelvic inflammatory disorder?

A

When STD progresses further into the peritoneum.

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7
Q

WHat are 2 types of STDs that can cause urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis?

A

Gonorrhea, non-gonorrhea

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8
Q

What causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

direct contact with exudate from infected person

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9
Q

Is gonorrhea more symptomatic in males or females?

A

Males

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10
Q

What is the most common symptoms in males with gonorrhea?

A

Urethritis

Prurlent discharge

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11
Q

How quickly do signs of gonorrhea show up?

A

3-6 days

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12
Q

Where else can you see infections of gonorrhea?

A

Pharynx, conjuntivae and anus

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13
Q

In gonorrhea moves through lymphatics what can in produce in males? females?

A

Males- epididymis

Females- salpingitis

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14
Q

What causes a non-gonococcal infection?

A

Urethritis from pathogen other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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15
Q

What is the most common non-gonococcal infection?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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16
Q

Does gonorrhea or chalmydia have more severe symptoms?

A

gonorrhea

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17
Q

What are three systemic STDs?

A

Syphilis
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Herpes virus infections

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18
Q

What are the five stages of syphilis?

A 
Incubation
Primary
Secondary
Latency
Late
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19
Q

Which stages is syphilis communicable?

A

primary, secondary, latent

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20
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Spirochete treponema pallidum

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21
Q

Syphilis causes pathological changes to what system?

A

Vascular system leading to inflammatory response

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22
Q

Syphilis leads to _______ inflammation.

A

Long-term

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23
Q

What is the incubation period for syphilis?

A

10-90 days (depends on strain)

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24
Q

What forms in the primary phase of syphilis?

A

Chancre- painless ulcerative lesion at point of invasion

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25
Q

Where does the chancre occurs in women?

A

Cervix, vagina

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26
Q

How long does it take for an untreated chancre to heal?

A

3-6 weeks

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27
Q

In which phase of syphilis do you have a low-grade fever, malaise, sore throat, heacache, lymphadenopathy, mucosal or cutaneous rash

A

Secondary phase of syphilis

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28
Q

In which phase of syphilis are you asymptomatic? How long does this phase last?

A

Latent phase

Can last up to 40 years

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29
Q

About 1/3 of people untreated with syphilis enter what phase?

A

Late phase

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30
Q

What happens during the late phase of syphilis?

A

Widespread destruction of CV tissue

Possibly CNS damage

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31
Q

What causes lymphogranuloma Venereum?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

32
Q

What are the three stages of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Primary lesion, lymphandenitis, late complications

33
Q

What disease is found primarily in tropical parts of the world?

A

Lymphogranuloma

Venereum

34
Q

In what condition doe abscesses form as multiple lymph nodes interact and can rupture through skin and body cavities?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

35
Q

What is the incubation period of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

1-3 weeks

36
Q

2 weeks after the primary lesion in lymphogranuloma venereum what happens?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes swell with fever and malaise

Reproductive organs also swell due to block lymph nodes

37
Q

Where does HSV-1 occur?

A

Above waist

38
Q

Where does HSV-2 occur?

A

Most genital, anal, perianal

39
Q

What 3 characteristics do both types of herpes share?

A

Initially self-limiting
Reactivation leads to recurrence of lesions
Reactivation mechanism unknown

40
Q

What is the three was HSV-1 is transmitted?

A

Saliva
Stool
Urine

41
Q

How is HSV-2 transmitted?

A

Vaginal fluids or fluids from the penis

42
Q

Can HSV-2 be passed above the waist?

A

Yes

43
Q

Can HSV-1 be passed below the waist?

A

No

44
Q

What is the incubation of HSV-2?

A

3-7 days

45
Q

What is the first sign of HSV-2?

A

Appearance of fluid-filled vesicles

46
Q

What is the primary site of HSV-2 infection?

A

Cervix

47
Q

In males, where are the primary infection sites of HSV_2?

A

Glans penis
Foreskin
Penile shaft

48
Q

Vesicles in HSV-2 rupture and turn into what?

A

Painful ulcers

49
Q

Why is HSV a systemic disordeR?

A

Every once in awhile it can spread to visceral organs

50
Q

What 2 localized STDs cause ulcerative lesions?

A

Chancroid

Granuloma inguinale

51
Q

What 2 localized STDs cause non-ulcerative lesions?

A

Molluscum contagiosum

Condylomata acuminata

52
Q

What is an ulcerative, infective disease of the genital tract that is caused by anaerobic bacillus Haemophilus dureyi?

A

Chancroid

53
Q

In which gender does chancroid show up in?

A

Males

54
Q

What is a common co-infection with Chancroid?

A

HIV

55
Q

When is chancroid communicable?

A

While lesions are present

56
Q

Chancroid causes genital ulcers and can ______

A

Self-infect

57
Q

What is the farthest chancroid will go?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes- not systemic so won’t go farther

58
Q

Canckersores have what type edges?

A

Hard raised edges

59
Q

Chancroids have what type edges?

A

Soft raged edges

Pus

60
Q

What STD will destroy a person’s genitalia?

A

Granuloma INguinale

61
Q

What STD is caused by calymmatobacterium granulomatis?

A

Granuloma Inguinale

62
Q

What population is granuloma inguinale prevalent in?

A

Homosexual males

63
Q

Which STD may not be an STD?

A

Granuloma Inguinale (may be normal flora of GI tract- found in rectal canal)

64
Q

What is the incubation period with granuloma INguinale?

A

Variable

65
Q

What is the initial stage of granuloma inguinale?

A

Painless papule or nodule that ulcerates (looks more like a tumor than ulcer) High vascular lesion

66
Q

What leads to the erosion of genitals in granuloma inguinale?

A

secondary infection

67
Q

What STD is caused by member of poxvirus family?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

68
Q

What do lesions look like in molluscum contagiosum?

A

Pink to white lesions with exudate core on genitals

69
Q

Do lesions in molluscum contagiosum rupture?

A

No- because they are mostly limited to the epidermis

70
Q

How long does it take for molluscum contagiosum take to self limit?

A

2 years

71
Q

Is there a treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Not really- can burn the lesions off

72
Q

What is a STD caused by HPV that appears similar to warts?

A

Condylomata Acuminata

73
Q

What is the incubation period of condylomata acuminata?

A

1-20 months

74
Q

Condylomata acuminata can be passed in what two fashions?

A

Sexual and non-sexual transmission

75
Q

Condylomata acuminata infects what?

A

Single epithelial cells which then divides uncontrollable and produces a wart-like lesion

76
Q

What symptoms occur with condylomata acuminata?

A

Asymptomatic

Medical Phys II (16 decks)

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