Resp Patho

Question 1

In obstructive pulmonary disorders, do inspiration or expiration require more force?

Answer 1

Expiration

Question 2

Unifying symptom of obstructive pulmonary disorder

Answer 2

Dyspnea

Question 3

Unifying sign of obstructive pulmonary disorder

Answer 3

Wheezing

Question 4

3 most common obstructive pulmonary disorders

Answer 4

Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
emphysema

Question 5

What 2 disorders fall under chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer 5

Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema

Question 6

What is tidal volume (TV) of a normal individual?

Answer 6

400-800 ml

Question 7

How many breaths per minute is normal?

Answer 7

8-16

Question 8

How is normal breathing described?

Answer 8

Rhythmic and effortless

Question 9

What is when there is inadequate alveolar ventilation ?

Answer 9

Hypoventilation

Question 10

What is when there is excessive alveolar ventilation?

Answer 10

Hyperventilation

Question 11

When can a person enter a state of acidosis?

Answer 11

Hypoventilation

Question 12

What is a reflex to clear airways? (larynx area)

Answer 12

Cough

Question 13

What is selective bulbous enlargement at the end of a digit?

Answer 13

Clubbing

Question 14

What are the 3 diseases that are obstruction from conditions in the wall of the lumen?

Answer 14

Asthma
Acute Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis

Question 15

What disorder has a chronic, constant, inflammation in the airway?

Answer 15

Asthma

Question 16

What is the major pathological feature of asthma?

Answer 16

Inflammation creating hyperresponsiveness of airway

Question 17

What are the 2 types of asthma attacks?

Answer 17

Slow-onset acute
Hyperacute asthma (minutes to hours)

Question 18

What separates acute bronchitis from pneumonia?

Answer 18

Bronchitis has clear chest films

Question 19

What does the bacterial form of bronchitis have?

Answer 19

Productive cough with fever and sternal pain

Question 20

What type cough does viral acute bronchitis usually have?

Answer 20

Non-productive

Question 21

How long must a productive cough must continue to be classified as chronic bronchitis?

Answer 21

At least 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years

Question 22

What cells increase in chronic bronchitis?

Answer 22

Mucous glands and goblet cells in airway epithelium

Question 23

What are individuals with chronic bronchitis referred to as?

Answer 23

Blue bloaters

Question 24

What is abnormal permanent enlargement of acini accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis?

Answer 24

Emphysema

Question 25

Why is emphysema an obstructive disorder?

Answer 25

Can't push air out due to loss of elastic tissue

Question 26

What is primary emphysema?

Answer 26

Deficiency of enzyme alpha I-antitrypsin | Autosomal recessive

Question 27

What does a person with emphysema look like?

Answer 27

Thin Tachypnea Increased chest diameter

Question 28

What is an individual with emphysema described as ?

Answer 28

Pink Puffer

Question 29

What are 5 obstructive disorders of the airway lumen?

Answer 29

``` Bronchiectasis Bronchiolitis Acute tracheobronchial obstruction Epiglottitis Croup syndrome ```

Question 30

What is a persistent abnormal dilation of bronchi?

Answer 30

Bronchiectasis

Question 31

What are the three types of bronchiectasis?

Answer 31

Cylindrical- Symmetrically dilated airways Saccular- Bronchi become large and balloon like Varicose- Deform bronchi overtime due to constrictions and dilations

Question 32

What is Inflammatory obstruction of small airways or bronchioles?

Answer 32

Bronchiolitis

Question 33

Is bronchiolitis more common in adults or children?

Answer 33

Children, but can occur in adults with chronic bronchitis

Question 34

What is a blockage of trachea or bronchi?

Answer 34

Acute tracheobronchial obstruction

Question 35

What lung is affected by acute tracheobronchial obstruction?

Answer 35

Right

Question 36

What was epiglottitis historically caused by?

Answer 36

H. influenza type b

Question 37

What age group does epiglottitis affected?

Answer 37

2-6

Question 38

What signs are associated with epiglottitis?

Answer 38

High fever store throat inspiratory stridor severe respiratory distress

Question 39

What is laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 39

Croup syndrome

Question 40

What is the cause of croup?

Answer 40

Sub-glottic edema from infection

Question 41

What is the most critical region with croup syndrome?

Answer 41

cricoid region

Question 42

What syndrome has a seal-like barking cough?

Answer 42

Croup

Question 43

What is ARDS?

Answer 43

Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolcapillary injury

Question 44

What do all disorders that cause ARDS do?

Answer 44

acutely injure the alveolocapillary membrane and cause severe pulmonary edema

Question 45

What is the hallmark of ARDS?

Answer 45

Increased capillary permeability

Question 46

What is the main cell associated with ARDS?

Answer 46

Neutrophils

Question 47

What are hyaline membranes (ARDS)?

Answer 47

Fibrosis areas that replace alveoli

Question 48

What is FRC?

Answer 48

Functional reserve capacity

Question 49

What happens to FRC with ARDS?

Answer 49

It is decreased

Question 50

What is IRDS?

Answer 50

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Question 51

What is IRDS a disease of?

Answer 51

Hyaline membrane disease

Question 52

What do ARDS and IRDS have in common?

Answer 52

Development of hyaline membranes

Question 53

What population does IRDS occur in?

Answer 53

Premature infants (born before 30 weeks)

Question 54

What is the primary cause of IRDS?

Answer 54

Lack of pulmonary surfactant

Question 55

What causes hyaline membrane formation in IRDS?

Answer 55

leak of fluid into alveoli