Description to Name

Question 1

Produces Oxytocin, ADH.

Answer 1

Parventricular nucleus

Question 2

Setup dinural rhythms

Answer 2

Preoptic and suprachiasmic nucleus

Question 3

Has glucose receptors, where the satiety center is located. Stimulated by an increased in leptin

Answer 3

Ventral medial nucleus of hypothalamus

Question 4

Regulates anterior lobe of pituitary

Answer 4

Arcuate nucleus (endocrine)

Question 5

Feeding center. Stimulated by a decrease in leptin.

Answer 5

Lateral hypothalamus

Question 6

General term for medial basal part of frontal lobe.

Answer 6

Septal areas

Question 7

Where leptin receptors reside

Answer 7

Arcuate nucleus

Question 8

Biggest input to this structure is light from retina that is conveyed here via optic nerve. Regulates function with respect to environmental light via reticular formation.

Answer 8

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 9

Main center of control of visceral and endocrine function

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

Clusters of neurons that lie in the central portion of the brainstem. Related to various kinds of rhythmic functions controlled by the hypothalamus. Have descending axons that regulate CV and resp rhythms, muscle tone and reflexes, modulate pain

Answer 10

Reticular formation

Question 11

Projections of serotonin from here have to do with keeping the brain awake. There are 2 clusters- those that keep you awake, those that modulate pain.

Answer 11

Raphe’ nuclei

Question 12

Rate of this is high is wakefulness and low in sleep. Absent in REM. Facilitates cognitive activities, pain modulations

Answer 12

Serotonin

Question 13

This NT plays a role in altertness, suppresses REM, and role in pain modulation

Answer 13

Norepinephrine

Question 14

Can downregulate norepinephrine or serotonin.

Answer 14

Hypothalamus

Question 15

Name the two NT that regulate the sleep cycle

Answer 15

Norepi and Serotonin

Question 16

These two structure have influence over parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations

Answer 16

Hypothalamus and reticular formation

Question 17

Axons that connect hypothalamus with spinal cord

Answer 17

Reticulospinal tracts

Question 18

Mechanism for maintaining consciousness

Answer 18

Ascending reticular activating system

Question 19

All of these structures are ____ structures
Hippocampus, medial forebrain, spetal areas, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hypothalamus anterior & mediodorsal thalamic nuclei

Answer 19

Limbic structures

Question 20

Has clusters related to reward and punnishment complex. Drives you to seek pleasure

Answer 20

Cingulate gyrus

Question 21

Projects to the frontal lobes where you weight decisions back and forth.

Answer 21

Dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus

Question 22

Clusters of neurons in the thalamus that project to the cingulate gyrus or frontal nucleus

Answer 22

Papez circuit

Question 23

Gatekeeper of the cortex. Allows new information to get through. Plays a large role in memory and learning. Plays a role in memory retrieval (theory). Integrates cerebellar and basal ganglia activities with the flow of sensory information. Key role in maintaining consciousness and attention.

Answer 23

Thalamus

Question 24

In regards to memory this structure evaluates all incoming information and deletes almost all except that which is relevant.

Answer 24

Limbic system (frontal lobe)

Question 25

This type memory involves details, time, place, emotional context.

Answer 25

Declarative

Question 26

Location of declarative memory

Answer 26

Let (dominant) parieto-occipito-temporal cortex

Question 27

Memory of learned, skilled actions.

Answer 27

Non-declarative memory

Question 28

Location of non-declarative memory

Answer 28

Bilateral frontal lobe, just anterior to pre-central gyrus (cerebellum and basal ganglia also play a role)

Question 29

non-declarative memory requires this area for function.

Answer 29

Superior parietal lobe sensory area

Question 30

Inability to complete all the components of a learned, skilled activity though patient's isn't paralyzed.

Answer 30

Apraxia

Question 31

Most recent memories lost, no time for consolidation.

Answer 31

Retrograde amnesia

Question 32

Can't form new memories, hippocampal dysfunction.

Answer 32

Anterograde amnesia

Question 33

Found in the medial part of the temporal lobe (near lateral ventricle). Critical for brining in a new memory.

Answer 33

Hippocampus

Question 34

This area has strong facilitation for new memory formation.

Answer 34

Septal area

Question 35

Connects hippocampus to frontal lobe and hypothalamus. Key pathway to cortex

Answer 35

Fornix

Question 36

Part of the parahippocampal gyrus. Also involved in new memory formation.

Answer 36

Entorhinal cortex

Question 37

Lesions here can have devastating effects on memory acquisition, affect emotional content and behavior.

Answer 37

Medial part of temporal lobe

Question 38

This structure is key to providing the emotional content for ne memory, it is linked to the hippocampus. It also assigns previously experienced emotion to recalled memories

Answer 38

Amygdala

Question 39

ongoing problem-solving & planning involve cerebral cortex. Content of problem or plan under consideration provided by different areas of cerebral cortex.

Answer 39

Working memory

Question 40

You use this part of the frontal lobe for highest cognitive function. Allows you to bring a memory and new experience together to decide if the memory is worth using.

Answer 40

lateral aspect of frontal lobes

Question 41

What part of the cortex is critical in retrieval of a memory (specifically the medial part)

Answer 41

Frontal lobe

Question 42

This part of the cortex is involved in arousal and alterness.

Answer 42

Medialbasal part of frontal lobe (septal areas)

Question 43

This part of the cortex is related to detail about a particular perception (names of objects)

Answer 43

Left ventral cortex

Question 44

Which part of the left ventral cortex is involved in general names of objects?

Answer 44

Inferior occipital lobe of left ventral surface of cortex

Question 45

Which part of the left ventral cortex is involved in specific identification and naming of persons and objects.

Answer 45

Inferior temporal lobe of the left ventral cortex

Question 46

This part of the cortex has information on landmarks, locations, spatial relationship.

Answer 46

Right ventral surface of cortex

Question 47

People with a lesion in this area have trouble finding their way. They get lost in their environments.

Answer 47

Right ventral cortex

Question 48

Where is recognition of faces tools, plants, animals

Answer 48

Ventral surface of the coretx (both rigth and left sides)

Question 49

Area that is located in the midline of the midbrain has projects dopamine throughout the cortex. Highly involved in reward circuit

Answer 49

Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 50

4 structures often combined under the term Septal area.

Answer 50

Basal nucleus of Meynert Nucleus Accumbens Ventral straitum and pallidum Septal nuclei

Question 51

Consists of neurons using Ach which receive input from most limbic structures. Spreads widely to the cortex. Alerting effect

Answer 51

Basal nucleus of Meynert

Question 52

GABA neurons that receive input from the ascending dopamine projection from the VTA. Also receives input from limbic structures. Regulates affective responses.

Answer 52

Nucleus Accumbens

Question 53

GABAergic neurons that may be involved in expressing the motor components of emotion and behavior. Anterior/ventral portion of the caudate and globus pallidus located in the medial basal frontal lobe

Answer 53

Ventral striatum and pallidum

Question 54

GABAergic nuclei. Provide prominent projections to the hippocampus.

Answer 54

Septal nuclei

Question 55

This suppresses REM cycle oscillation and promotes wakefulness

Answer 55

Orexin

Question 56

This part of the brain activates stress response; CRH --> ACTH --> adrenal secretion of cortisol

Answer 56

Amygdala

Question 57

Largest integrating structure of the Straitum. Related to body posture, muscle tone.

Answer 57

Putamen

Question 58

Integrative structure that deals with cognition, remembering a learned skilled movement (esp one that is visually directed)

Answer 58

Caudate

Question 59

This NT from the substantia niagra facilitates the function of the basal ganglia.

Answer 59

Dopamine

Question 60

Dominant hemisphere for language.

Answer 60

Left

Question 61

This connects motor and sensory language areas

Answer 61

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 62

Superior temporal gyrus and adjacent cortex. Sensory receptive speech. Lesion here leads to sensory aphasia

Answer 62

Wernicke's area

Question 63

Language comprehension area

Answer 63

Supramarginal and angular gyri

Question 64

Motor expressive area. In the inferior frontal gyrus. Lesion here leads to motor aphasia.

Answer 64

Broca's area

Question 65

Where first language is stored

Answer 65

Non-dominant hemisphere (right)

Question 66

Patients with a lesion here will often deny that certain parts of their body are connected to them.

Answer 66

Non-dominant (right) hemisphere

Question 67

This connects the right and left hemispheres

Answer 67

corpus callosum