States of matter Flashcards
Materials come in three different form which is …
solid, liquid or gas. These are the three states of matter which state something is at a certain temperature depends on how strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material
How strong the forces are depend on ..
1) Material ( structure of substance and types of bonds holding particles together )
2) The temperature
3) The pressure
How to explain how particles in a material behave
Model called particle theory to explain how particles in a material behave by considering each particle as a small, solid, inelastic sphere
Solids
1) In solids, there’s strong forces of attraction between the particles, which hold them together in fixed position for form regular lattice arrangement
2) particles don’t move from their positions so all solids keep a definite shape and volume so don’t flow like liquids
3) Particles vibrate about their positions - the hotter the solid become, the more they vibrate ( expand slightly )
Liquids
1) weak forces of attraction between the particles, which is randomly arranged and free to move past each other but tend to stick closely together
2) Definite volume but not a definite shape and will flow to fill bottom of container
3) Particles move constantly with random motion. The hotter the liquid the faster they move so liquids expand slightly when heated.
Gases
1) very weak forces of attraction between the particles which are free to move and far apart and the particles in gas travel in straight lines
2) Don’t keep definite shape or volume and will always fill any container
3) Particles move constantly with random motion. The hotter the gas the faster they move so gas expand slightly when heated or pressure increases
Why is the particle theory model not perfect ?
in reality particles are not solid or inelastic or spheres - they’re atoms, ions or molecules.
Model doesn’t show forces between particle so no way of knowing how strong they are.
