Group 1 elements Flashcards
What are the alkali metals ?
Lithium, sodium, Potassium ,Rubidium, caesium, Francium
One electron on outer shell - very reaction and similar properties
The metals are soft with low density
Trend for alkali metals as you go down
- increasing reactivity, outer electron more easily lost as attraction between nucleus and electron decreases because electron is further away from nucleus, the further down the group you go
- lower mp and bp
- Higher RAM
What do Alkali metals form with non metals ?
Ionic compounds
Group 1 metals don’t need much energy to lose their one outer electron for form a full outer shell so they readily form 1+ ion.
Its easy for them to lose their outer electron that they only ever react to form ionic compounds.
These compounds are generally white solids that dissolve in water to form colourless solution.
What occurs as you put group 1 metals into water ?
1) they react vigorously
2) The more reactive the alkali metals, the more violent the reaction
3) Lithium, sodium and potassium float and move around the surface, fizzing furiously
4) They produce hydrogen. The amount of energy given out increases as you go down the group - for K and below, there’s enough energy to ignite hydrogen
5) They also form hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solution
Sodium + water -> sodium hydroxide big2NaOH + hydrogen
What occurs as you heat group 1 metals with chlorine gas?
react vigorously to form white salts = metals chlorides
As you go down the group, reactivity increases so the reaction with chlorine gets more vigorous
Sodium + Chlorine -> sodium chloride big2NACL
Group one metals react with oxygen to form —– ——-
metals oxide
Different types of oxides will form depending on the group 1 metal.
Lithium reacts to form Lithium oxide Li20
Sodium reacts to form mixture of Sodium oxide Na20 and sodium peroxide Li202
Potassium reacts to form mixture of Potassium peroxide K202 and potassium superoxide K02
