States of Consciousness // Sleep

Question 1

Conscious

Answer 1

can impact world, external/internal awareness

Question 2

Preconscious

Answer 2

know but not aware until it is brought to your attention

Question 3

Unconscious/Subconscious

Answer 3

unaware of even when asked, but shows in behavior.

*ex. aggression at female teacher = anger at mom

Question 4

Parts of Brain

Answer 4

• reticular formation
• pons (locks body)
• limbic system (*dreams)

Question 5

Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Answer 5

• pineal gland (*melatonin)
• pituitary gland
• serotonin
• GABA
• dopamine

Question 6

Circadian Rhythms

Answer 6

if not for light/dark cycle, body operates on 25 hours. Teenage circadian rhythms are a little off from everyone else’s.

Question 7

Sleep Stage 1

Answer 7

light sleep, fairly rapid brain wave activity

Question 8

Sleep Stage 2

Answer 8

most of sleep; sleep spindles — small jumps of very rapid electrical activity

Question 9

Sleep Stage 3

Answer 9

deep sleep; longer and slower electrical waves (delta waves)

Question 10

Sleep Stage 4

Answer 10

deep/delta sleep; slow wave sleep

Question 11

REM

Answer 11

rapid eye movement; everything (brain and heart rate) is active but muscles paralyzed.
- paradoxical sleep; dreams occur

Question 12

REM Rebound

Answer 12

if someone is intentionally awaked during REM for long time then allowed to sleep normally, REM period is longer (implies REM is essential to body)

Question 13

Adaptival/Evolutionary Theory

Answer 13

aka Preservation and Protection Theory; sleep when not preserving life in order to keep self out of trouble

Question 14

Restorative Theory

Answer 14

sleep to restore energy

Question 15

Memory Consolidation Theory

Answer 15

while sleeping, memory of day is sorted into important/unimportant

Question 16

Narcolepsy

Answer 16

fall into deep sleep randomly

Question 17

Insomnia

Answer 17

not getting enough sleep (can’t sleep, wake up too early, etc.)

• acute: once in a while (#1 cause: stress)
• chronic: long-term (related to anxiety/depression)

Question 18

Sleep Apnea

Answer 18

stop breathing temporarily during sleep

Question 19

Somnambulism

Answer 19

sleep walking/singing/talking/whatever

Question 20

REM Sleep Disorder

Answer 20

body not paralyzed as it should be

Question 21

Unconscious Wish Fulfillment

Answer 21

(Freud)

• manifest content: story of dream
• latent content: hidden meaning of dream

Question 22

Threat Reduction Theory

Answer 22

dreams help you cope

Question 23

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 23

random neuron activation during dreaming — brain dislikes this and tries to synthesize story to explain the activation

Question 24

Night Terror

Answer 24

not nightmare; sympathetic NS goes crazy, kid “wakes up” and starts screaming (heart racing, etc.) but kid doesn’t remember in morning. No dream, no stimulus, not during REM