Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Learning vs. Maturation

A

change in behavior due to experience vs. due to biological change

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2
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

take a stimulus and associate it w/ natural reflex.

  • Pavlov and his dogs.
  • neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimulus —> conditioned stimulus and conditioned response
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3
Q

Acquisition vs. Extinction

A

learning vs. unlearning the conditioned response

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4
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

relapse

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5
Q

Stimulus Discrimination vs. Generalization

A

distinguishing differences between stimulus vs. react to whole fleet of similar stimulus

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6
Q

Higher Order Conditioning

A

2nd conditioned stimulus

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7
Q

Contiguity vs. Contingency

A

2 events were touching in time vs. dependent on the other

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8
Q

Aversion Therapy

A

breaks habits using classical conditioning

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9
Q

Conditioned Emotional Responses

A

i.e. mugged by bearded man and now afraid of men with beards

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10
Q

Law of Effect

A

you will continue behaviors that bring you pleasure and stop doing behaviors you dislike

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11
Q

Skinner

A

better to reward good than punish bad

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12
Q

Positive vs. Negative Reinforcement

A

gives reward vs. takes away (—) to return to normal (i.e. medicine)

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13
Q

Punishment

A

stop unwanted behavior w/ bad consequence. Usually doesn’t break bad behavior, teaches to just not get caught. Teaches what NOT to do, not what TO do.

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14
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcer

A

do not have to be taught as having value (food) vs. must teach its value (money, grades)

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15
Q

Premack Principle

A

tailor the reward to the person; works well with small groups

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16
Q

Over-Justification

A

when rewards go wrong; offer reward for something I like: “Oh, I like reading but it must be bad if they’re rewarding me for it”. Task becomes job, not enjoyable anymore

17
Q

Shaping and Prejudice

A

using rewards to train something into complicated behavior (can teach bad behaviors too)

18
Q

Latent Learning

A

learning that happens without us really knowing

19
Q

Insight Learning

A

all of a sudden, the answer “comes to you” — subconsciously figures it out, works well w/ sleep

20
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

after enough times, will not even try anymore.

21
Q

Bandura and Aggression

A

kid do imitate adults but are normal again afterwards; kids change behavior when they see what happens to others

22
Q

4 Steps to Make Social Learning Work

A
  1. attention (notice behavior, consequences, role model doing it)
  2. retention (have to remember)
  3. motivation
  4. reproduction (must feel like can reproduce behaviors)