Language

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

smallest unit of sound; 1-2 letters (ex. f, ph)

Question 2

Morpheme

Answer 2

smallest unit of meaning; (i.e. jump)

Question 3

Syntax

Answer 3

proper word order

Question 4

Semantics

Answer 4

meaning of sentence

Question 5

Grammar Types

Answer 5

rules of structure/use of language; prescriptive (what supposed to use) vs. descriptive (how people actually use it)

Question 6

Language Acquisition

Answer 6

prenatal —> cooing —> babbling —> 1 word (holophrastic) stage —> telegraphic speech (2-3 words) —> over-regularization

Question 7

Critical/Sensitive Period

Answer 7

window of time when you can learn a language; afterwards, learning language is very hard.

Question 8

Nativist Theory

Answer 8

(nature) humans pre-wired for language; universal grammar

Question 9

Learning Theory

Answer 9

(nurture) operant conditioning or observational learning

Question 10

Cognitive Theory

Answer 10

(nature AND nurture) pre-wired but require experiences

Question 11

Linguistic Relativity Theory

Answer 11

language influences thinking (i.e. kid hears “he” for doctors, confused why doctor is a girl)
BUT thought influences language (gardner know several ways to refer to dirt, but others only know “dirt”)

Question 12

Surface and Deep Structure

Answer 12

Amelia Bedelia
Surface: just collection of words
Deep: meaning of words