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AP Psych 2013-14 > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

Biological, Cognitive, Social, Moral

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1
Q

Assimilation vs. Accommodation

A

Piaget’s Cognitive Theory: try to fit into already-existing category vs. come up w/ new schemas based on new info

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2
Q

Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

A

kids think differently than adults; brain changes over time

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3
Q

4 Stages of Cognitive Development

A

(Piaget’s Cognitive Theory)

  1. sensorimotor stage
  2. pre-operational stage
  3. concrete-operational stage
  4. formal operational stage
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4
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

look at things, put things in mouth, EXPLORE.

  • object permanence
  • representational thought
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5
Q

Object Permanence

A

Sensorimotor: out of sight ≠ gone, it’s just hidden from view

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6
Q

Representational Thought

A

Sensorimotor: can have image in head

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7
Q

Pre-Operational Stage

A

cannot perform many mental activities; language development, self-recognition (dot on forehead and mirror).
*principle of conservation

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8
Q

Principle of Conservation

A

Pre-Operational
G G G
WWWW
little kids will think there are more Gs

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9
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

can start to manipulate concrete things in head

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10
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

can think hypothetically; neural pruning (unused neurons die)

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11
Q

Neo-Piagetians

A

5th Stage: Dialectical Thinking (post formal):

thesis + antithesis (new idea) —> synthesis (repeat)

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12
Q

Vygotsky:

A

kids learn from experiences

  • want kids to INTERNALIZE good behaviors
  • zone of proximal development
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13
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

potential

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14
Q

Cog. Develop. Adolescence

A

thinking/problem solving/reasoning improve; metacognition (evaluate own thinking); neural pruning

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15
Q

Cog. Develop. Adulthood

A

vocab/problem solving improves.

*speed-accuracy trade-off (do things more slowly but more accurately)

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16
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A

1: if needs are met, will develop sense of basic trust

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17
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

A

2: learn to exercise will/do things or will doubt their abilities

18
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt

A

3: learn to initiate plans and carry out tasks or will feel guilty about efforts to be independent

19
Q

Competence vs. Inferiority

A

4: learn pressure of applying self to tasks or will feel inferior

20
Q

Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

5: teenagers integrate several roles into unique identity or will be confused about who they are.

21
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

6: struggle to form close bonds/intimate relationship or will feel isolated

22
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

develop sense of contributing to world through family/work/etc. or will feel lack of purpose

23
Q

Integrity vs. Despair

A

reflect on life and feel satisfied or will feel failure

24
Q

Attachment Types

A
  1. Secure Attachment
  2. Insecure Avoidant
  3. Insecure Resistant
  4. Insecure Disorganized
25
Q

Secure Attachment

A

(Strange Situation) kid calms down once mom returns

26
Q

Insecure Avoidant

A

(Strange Situation) kid kinda indifferent

27
Q

Insecure Resistant

A

(Strange Situation) kid still distressed after Mom returns

28
Q

Insecure Disorganized

A

(Strange Situation) kid doesn’t know how to deal

29
Q

Parenting Styles

A
  1. Authoritarian
  2. Authoritative (best)
  3. Permissive
30
Q

Resilience

A

kids that bounce back share similarities:

  • good at something (i.e. hobby, school, etc.)
  • have at least 1 important adult/belongs to close organization = have stable people in life
31
Q

Identity Development

A
  • possibly new group of friends
  • rites of passage (i.e. license, graduation)
  • social competence
32
Q

Sturm und Drang

A

storm and stress (teen angst)

33
Q

Personal Fable

A

belief that I’m still special

34
Q

Imaginary Audience

A

“everyone” saw me trip/screw up/etc.

*looking glass self: thinks everyone is looking at you as critically as you look at yourself

35
Q

Young Adulthood

A

social clock; certain expectations at certain times (go to college, get married, etc.)
*emerging adulthood: period b/t teen and adult. Due to loans and schooling, cannot support self.

36
Q

Middle Adulthood

A
  • empty nest: last kid leaves home—hard adjustment, gets easier.
  • midlife crisis: identity crisis at older ages
37
Q

Old Age

A

tend to remember pleasant memories > bad ones

38
Q

Stages of Grief (think Acceptance writing prompt)

A
  1. denial
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. depression
  5. acceptance
39
Q

Pre-conventional Morality

A

morality = too abstract, haven’t internalized

40
Q

Conventional Morality

A

internalized; thinks of how affects others as well

*middle age people; cannot afford to risk family, job, bills, etc.

41
Q

Post-Conventional Morality

A

willing to accept consequences for doing the “right thing”

*young and old people; nothing to lose

AP Psych 2013-14 (21 decks)

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