Development Flashcards
Biological, Cognitive, Social, Moral
Assimilation vs. Accommodation
Piaget’s Cognitive Theory: try to fit into already-existing category vs. come up w/ new schemas based on new info
Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
kids think differently than adults; brain changes over time
4 Stages of Cognitive Development
(Piaget’s Cognitive Theory)
- sensorimotor stage
- pre-operational stage
- concrete-operational stage
- formal operational stage
Sensorimotor Stage
look at things, put things in mouth, EXPLORE.
- object permanence
- representational thought
Object Permanence
Sensorimotor: out of sight ≠ gone, it’s just hidden from view
Representational Thought
Sensorimotor: can have image in head
Pre-Operational Stage
cannot perform many mental activities; language development, self-recognition (dot on forehead and mirror).
*principle of conservation
Principle of Conservation
Pre-Operational
G G G
WWWW
little kids will think there are more Gs
Concrete Operational Stage
can start to manipulate concrete things in head
Formal Operational Stage
can think hypothetically; neural pruning (unused neurons die)
Neo-Piagetians
5th Stage: Dialectical Thinking (post formal):
thesis + antithesis (new idea) —> synthesis (repeat)
Vygotsky:
kids learn from experiences
- want kids to INTERNALIZE good behaviors
- zone of proximal development
Zone of Proximal Development
potential
Cog. Develop. Adolescence
thinking/problem solving/reasoning improve; metacognition (evaluate own thinking); neural pruning
Cog. Develop. Adulthood
vocab/problem solving improves.
*speed-accuracy trade-off (do things more slowly but more accurately)
Trust vs. Mistrust
1: if needs are met, will develop sense of basic trust
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
2: learn to exercise will/do things or will doubt their abilities
Initiative vs. Guilt
3: learn to initiate plans and carry out tasks or will feel guilty about efforts to be independent
Competence vs. Inferiority
4: learn pressure of applying self to tasks or will feel inferior
Identity vs. Role Confusion
5: teenagers integrate several roles into unique identity or will be confused about who they are.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
6: struggle to form close bonds/intimate relationship or will feel isolated
Generativity vs. Stagnation
develop sense of contributing to world through family/work/etc. or will feel lack of purpose
Integrity vs. Despair
reflect on life and feel satisfied or will feel failure
Attachment Types
- Secure Attachment
- Insecure Avoidant
- Insecure Resistant
- Insecure Disorganized
Secure Attachment
(Strange Situation) kid calms down once mom returns
Insecure Avoidant
(Strange Situation) kid kinda indifferent
Insecure Resistant
(Strange Situation) kid still distressed after Mom returns
Insecure Disorganized
(Strange Situation) kid doesn’t know how to deal
Parenting Styles
- Authoritarian
- Authoritative (best)
- Permissive
Resilience
kids that bounce back share similarities:
- good at something (i.e. hobby, school, etc.)
- have at least 1 important adult/belongs to close organization = have stable people in life
Identity Development
- possibly new group of friends
- rites of passage (i.e. license, graduation)
- social competence
Sturm und Drang
storm and stress (teen angst)
Personal Fable
belief that I’m still special
Imaginary Audience
“everyone” saw me trip/screw up/etc.
*looking glass self: thinks everyone is looking at you as critically as you look at yourself
Young Adulthood
social clock; certain expectations at certain times (go to college, get married, etc.)
*emerging adulthood: period b/t teen and adult. Due to loans and schooling, cannot support self.
Middle Adulthood
- empty nest: last kid leaves home—hard adjustment, gets easier.
- midlife crisis: identity crisis at older ages
Old Age
tend to remember pleasant memories > bad ones
Stages of Grief (think Acceptance writing prompt)
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
Pre-conventional Morality
morality = too abstract, haven’t internalized
Conventional Morality
internalized; thinks of how affects others as well
*middle age people; cannot afford to risk family, job, bills, etc.
Post-Conventional Morality
willing to accept consequences for doing the “right thing”
*young and old people; nothing to lose
