Development

Question 1

Assimilation vs. Accommodation

Answer 1

Piaget’s Cognitive Theory: try to fit into already-existing category vs. come up w/ new schemas based on new info

Question 2

Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

Answer 2

kids think differently than adults; brain changes over time

Question 3

4 Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 3

(Piaget’s Cognitive Theory)

1. sensorimotor stage
2. pre-operational stage
3. concrete-operational stage
4. formal operational stage

Question 4

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 4

look at things, put things in mouth, EXPLORE.

• object permanence
• representational thought

Question 5

Object Permanence

Answer 5

Sensorimotor: out of sight ≠ gone, it’s just hidden from view

Question 6

Representational Thought

Answer 6

Sensorimotor: can have image in head

Question 7

Pre-Operational Stage

Answer 7

cannot perform many mental activities; language development, self-recognition (dot on forehead and mirror).
*principle of conservation

Question 8

Principle of Conservation

Answer 8

Pre-Operational
G G G
WWWW
little kids will think there are more Gs

Question 9

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 9

can start to manipulate concrete things in head

Question 10

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 10

can think hypothetically; neural pruning (unused neurons die)

Question 11

Neo-Piagetians

Answer 11

5th Stage: Dialectical Thinking (post formal):

thesis + antithesis (new idea) —> synthesis (repeat)

Question 12

Vygotsky:

Answer 12

kids learn from experiences

• want kids to INTERNALIZE good behaviors
• zone of proximal development

Question 13

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 13

potential

Question 14

Cog. Develop. Adolescence

Answer 14

thinking/problem solving/reasoning improve; metacognition (evaluate own thinking); neural pruning

Question 15

Cog. Develop. Adulthood

Answer 15

vocab/problem solving improves.

*speed-accuracy trade-off (do things more slowly but more accurately)

Question 16

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 16

1: if needs are met, will develop sense of basic trust

Question 17

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Answer 17

2: learn to exercise will/do things or will doubt their abilities

Question 18

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 18

3: learn to initiate plans and carry out tasks or will feel guilty about efforts to be independent

Question 19

Competence vs. Inferiority

Answer 19

4: learn pressure of applying self to tasks or will feel inferior

Question 20

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 20

5: teenagers integrate several roles into unique identity or will be confused about who they are.

Question 21

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 21

6: struggle to form close bonds/intimate relationship or will feel isolated

Question 22

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 22

develop sense of contributing to world through family/work/etc. or will feel lack of purpose

Question 23

Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 23

reflect on life and feel satisfied or will feel failure

Question 24

Attachment Types

Answer 24

1. Secure Attachment
2. Insecure Avoidant
3. Insecure Resistant
4. Insecure Disorganized

Question 25

Secure Attachment

Answer 25

(Strange Situation) kid calms down once mom returns

Question 26

Insecure Avoidant

Answer 26

(Strange Situation) kid kinda indifferent

Question 27

Insecure Resistant

Answer 27

(Strange Situation) kid still distressed after Mom returns

Question 28

Insecure Disorganized

Answer 28

(Strange Situation) kid doesn't know how to deal

Question 29

Parenting Styles

Answer 29

1. Authoritarian 2. Authoritative (best) 3. Permissive

Question 30

Resilience

Answer 30

kids that bounce back share similarities: * good at something (i.e. hobby, school, etc.) * have at least 1 important adult/belongs to close organization = have stable people in life

Question 31

Identity Development

Answer 31

- possibly new group of friends - rites of passage (i.e. license, graduation) - social competence

Question 32

Sturm und Drang

Answer 32

storm and stress (teen angst)

Question 33

Personal Fable

Answer 33

belief that I'm still special

Question 34

Imaginary Audience

Answer 34

"everyone" saw me trip/screw up/etc. | *looking glass self: thinks everyone is looking at you as critically as you look at yourself

Question 35

Young Adulthood

Answer 35

social clock; certain expectations at certain times (go to college, get married, etc.) *emerging adulthood: period b/t teen and adult. Due to loans and schooling, cannot support self.

Question 36

Middle Adulthood

Answer 36

- empty nest: last kid leaves home—hard adjustment, gets easier. - midlife crisis: identity crisis at older ages

Question 37

Old Age

Answer 37

tend to remember pleasant memories > bad ones

Question 38

Stages of Grief (think Acceptance writing prompt)

Answer 38

1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance

Question 39

Pre-conventional Morality

Answer 39

morality = too abstract, haven't internalized

Question 40

Conventional Morality

Answer 40

internalized; thinks of how affects others as well | *middle age people; cannot afford to risk family, job, bills, etc.

Question 41

Post-Conventional Morality

Answer 41

willing to accept consequences for doing the "right thing" | *young and old people; nothing to lose