Neurons and Nervous Systems

Question 1

Dendrite

Answer 1

branch-like projections of neurons that receive messages

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

cell body

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

tail of neuron, electrical messages carried through

Question 4

Myelin Sheath

Answer 4

protects axon and increases speed of message

Question 5

Terminal Button

Answer 5

knobs at end of axon where neurotransmitters are released into synapse from vesicles

Question 6

Afferent Neurons

Answer 6

sensory neurons (Approach brain): senses—>brain

Question 7

Efferent Neurons

Answer 7

motor neurons (Exit brain): brain—> muscles

Question 8

Interneurons

Answer 8

connects afferent and efferent in spinal cord (*reflexes)

Question 9

Mirror Neurons

Answer 9

activated while watching, not while actually mimicking (*sympathy)

Question 10

Resting State

Answer 10

neuron is off

Question 11

Firing Threshold

Answer 11

minimum amount of stimulus that neurons react to

Question 12

Action Potential

Answer 12

once stimulated, neuron will fire regardless of how much stimulus there is

Question 13

All or Nothing Principle

Answer 13

process of electrical message being passed through axon

Question 14

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 14

necessary for action potential to work

Question 15

Refractory Period

Answer 15

recharging, neuron cannot fire again immediately

Question 16

Synapse

Answer 16

space b/t cell (electrical message cannot cross so neurotransmitters are necessary)

Question 17

Lock + Key Model

Answer 17

certain neurotransmitters will only bind to specific receptors

Question 18

Agonists

Answer 18

mimic; same shape as neurotransmitter and fit into receptors, increase activity.

Question 19

Antagonists

Answer 19

reduce effect of neurotransmitter

Question 20

Excitatory vs. Inhibitory Messages

Answer 20

excitatory rev up; inhibitory slow down

Question 21

Re-Uptake

Answer 21

unneeded neurotransmitters taken out of synapse

Question 22

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic NS

Answer 22

part of autonomic NS.
sympathetic = excitatory
parasympathetic = inhibitory

Question 23

Somatic NS

Answer 23

voluntary muscles

Question 24

Autonomic NS

Answer 24

involuntary muscles