State of Consciousness: Sleep Flashcards
Sleep facts
All mammals can sleep and dream
Humans spend 1/3 of their lives sleeping
Polysomnography
A comprehensive examination of neuro-physiological changes that occur during sleep episodes
(All the measurements, along with respiratory rates, and body temp)
How we measure sleep
EEG (electonencephalograph)
Measures brain wave activity
Associated with the different stages of sleep
EOG (electoocculograph)
Measure ocular(eye) activity Associated with the different types of (NREM/REM) sleep
EMG (electromyograph)
Measures muscle tension
associated with the different stages of sleep
Body temp
Controlled by the biological clock
Lower at in the “internal” night and rises in the “internal” daytime
Persist even in the absence of sleep
EKG (electrocardiograph)
Measures heat activity
NREM
Stages 1-4
Stages 3 & 4 incorporate “deep sleep”
(Decreases when going through all the cycles)
REM
“Rapid eye movement”
Stage 5
Aka dream sleep
(Increases when going through all cycles)
Awake (pre-sleep) stage
Hypnagogic- state of consciousness just before falling asleep
Hypnopompic- state just Before we wake up
Relaxed state
NREM Sleep Stage 1
Alpha waves: short amplitude; high frequency
Loss of sensory experience
NREM Sleep Stage 2
Sleep spindles : bursts of rapid brain waves
NREM Sleep Stage 3
Deep sleep
NREM Sleep Stage 4
Deep sleep
Delta waves: high amplitude; low frequency
REM Sleep (Paradoxical sleep)
Increased internal activity (dreams, arousal)
Decreased external activity (Atonia)
Atonia
Loss of muscle tone during “dream sleep” in order to avoid acting out our dreams and potentially hurting ur self or someone else
Sleep cycle
Avg night of sleep= 5 or 6 episodes (cycles)
Cycle= 90 mins
Age (factors of sleep patterns)
Duration of overall sleep cycle shortens with age
Genetics (factors of sleep patterns)
Except for identical twins sleep patterns Tend to be relative to each individual
Culture (factors of sleep patterns)
Sleep patterns are impacted by:
Urbanization
Agricultural
Technology
Restorative (sleep theories)
Sleeping is essential to “restore” the physiological processes that keep the body and mind healthy
NREM: important for restoring non-cognitive functions
REM: essential in restoring mental functions
Periods of REM sleep can increase REM rebound : following periods of sleep deprivation and significant physical activity
Body also increases its rate of cell division and protein synthesis
Comparative research
: animals that have few natural predators sleep more; vise versa
Adaptive non-responding (sleep theories)
Sleep evolved as a means of conserving energy
Sleep evolved as a means of remaining inactive during time when wakefulness would be hazardous
Information consolidation
Ppl sleep in order to process info that has been aquifer during the day
Research suggests that sleep helps establish long term memory
Sleep deprivation
Lack of sufficient REM or NREM sleep
Monitored in hypothalamus (homeostasis)
REM rebound
The mind’s attempt to increase the amount of REM sleep in order to compensate for sleep deprivation
NREM rebound
The mind’s attempt to increase the amount of NREM sleep in order to compensate for sleep deprivation
Insomnia
The inability to fall asleep or stay awake
Or fall asleep after awakening during the sleep cycle
Narcolepsy
To fall asleep: Suddenly Involuntarily With out warning At any time
Sleep apnea
The stopping of breathing during the sleep cycle which:
Lowers blood oxygen levels
Disrupts the sleep cycle
Occurs throughout the sleep cycle
Night terrors
NREM episode
Involves sudden “expression” of fright
Unrelated to a bad dream
Generally, no memory of episode
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking
NREM episode
